Exam 6: Social Structure Theory

People who live in neighborhoods that experience high levels of crime and civil disorder become suspicious and mistrusting.

Keith, Mike, and Paul feel that they are good at many things but the standards at which they are judged successful or unsuccessful are unfair. The especially feel this way in school from their teachers and coaches. They are most likely being majored using ______.

Shaw and McKay's research on __________________ theory found that crime was the highest in Zone I and Zone II, typically the areas of transition within the city.

Social structure theories suggest that social and economic forces operating in deteriorated lower-class areas push many area residents into criminal behavior patterns.

The _________________ school associates community deterioration and economic decline with crime rates.

According to social structure theory, the root cause of crime can be directly traced to ______.

Because social conditions prevent them from achieving success legitimately, lower-class youths experience a form of culture conflict that Albert Cohen labels ______.

Subcultural values are handed down from one generation to the next in a process called ______.

Oscar Lewis argues that the crushing lifestyle of lower-class areas produces ________ that is passed on from one generation to the next.

Keith, Mike, and Paul continuously find themselves making poor decisions that lead to law breaking behaviors and suspensions from school. Since they are lower class, Cloward and Ohlin would argue that the boys have limited means to achieving their goals. This in turn leads to their poor decision making. The theory which best describes this situation is ______.

Reaction formation is used to explain irrational hostility by young delinquents who adopt norms directly opposed by the middle class.

Cloward and Ohlin's classic work Delinquency and Opportunity combined strain and social disorganization principles to explain ______.

In regard to Anderson's study in Philadelphia addressing neighborhood life of youth and gangs, those individuals who were respected by residents and who at one time played an important role in socializing youth were referred to as ______.

Shaw and McKay's statistical analysis confirmed that even though crime rates changed, the highest rates were always in Zones I and Zone II.

__________ reflects the view that multiple sources of strain interact with an individual's emotional traits and responses to criminality.

Judith and Peter Blau developed the concept of __________, the idea that anger and mistrust result from perceptions of inequality that lead lower-class people to feel deprived and embittered in comparison with those more affluent.

An interdisciplinary approach to the study of interdependent social and environmental problems that cause crime.

The view that disadvantaged economic class position is a primary cause of crime is known as ______ theory.

Strain is limited in affluent areas because educational and vocational opportunities are available.

Fear is often based on experience: people living in areas with especially high crimes rates are the ones most likely to experience fear.