Exam 6: Social Structure Theory

Cohesive communities with high levels of social control and social integration and where people develop interpersonal ties are also likely to develop ______.

An area undergoing a shift in population and structure, usually from middle-class residential to lower-class mixed-use is known as a _____.

Examples of Walter Miller's lower-class focal concerns include achievement, status, and delayed gratification.

According to the major premise of this theory, crime occurs when the wealthy and the poor live close to one another.

Because crime rates are higher in lower-class areas, many criminologists believe that the causes of crime are rooted in socioeconomic factors.

A set of values, beliefs, and traditions known as a/an ___________________ are ​unique to a particular social class or group within a larger society.

________ are segments of the population whose members have a relatively similar portion of desirable belongings, and who share attitudes, values, and norms.

Agnew's focus on negative affective states offers a more general explanation of criminality among all elements of society rather than being restrictive to lower-class crime.

According to ______________, the root cause of crime can be traced directly to the socioeconomic disadvantages that have become embedded in American society.

The "truly disheartened" is the term used by William Julius Wilson to describe socially isolated people who dwell in urban inner-cities, who occupy the bottom rung of the social ladder, and who are the victims of discrimination.

Messner and Rosenfeld's institutional anomie theory argues that the goal of success at all costs has invaded every aspect of American life.

Keith, Paul, and Mike are three teenage boys from outside of Pittsburgh, PA who have struggled to fit in with the other kids in athletics, as well as academically. They come from traditional blue collar families and, based on socioeconomic status, would be considered low class. Mike, Paul, and Keith decide to steal a bunch of oranges from a market and instead of eating them, throw them down the drain and waste them so that the store owner can feel their pain. This is a very malicious act, and clearly is non-utilitarian. The theory which is best supported here would be ______.​

Because of differential opportunities presented to youth, disadvantaged young people are likely to join one of three types of gangs; the gangs which develop because youth are double failures, both unable to gain legitimate means and unwilling to do so through illegal means, are called _____________ gangs.

As working and middle-class families flee inner-city poverty areas, the most disadvantaged population is consolidated in urban ghettos. This phenomenon results in a poverty ______ effect.

Cultural deviance theory combines elements of _____ and social disorganization theories.

What two elements of culture interact to produce anomie and/or anomic conditions?

Negative affective states refer to the bottom 10 percent of U.S. states where crime is so high that the American Dream has no chance of success for middle- and lower-class individuals.

Social Ecology School refers to an interdisciplinary approach ​to studying interdependent social and environmental problems that cause crime.

In recent years, the number of homeless children in the United States has declined to an all-time low of 1 in every 50 children.

What is the result of ineffective community social control efforts?