Question 1

A code of ethics is a sign of

Accepted Answer

A) professional knowledge. 
B) a professional association. 
C) altruism. 
D) organizational autonomy. 
E) a desire to evade government regulation. 
A) professional knowledge. 
B) a professional association. 
C) altruism. 
D) organizational autonomy. 
E) a desire to evade government regulation.

Question 2

An occupation that seeks to imitate a profession follows the process of

Accepted Answer

A) deprofessionalization. 
B) mystification. 
C) professionalization. 
D) turf definition. 
E) professionalism. 
A) deprofessionalization. 
B) mystification. 
C) professionalization. 
D) turf definition. 
E) professionalism.

Question 3

Employment in large organizations threatens professionals with the substitution of _________ authority for professional authority.

Accepted Answer

A) bureaucratic 
B) traditional 
C) charismatic 
D) communal 
E) amateur 
A) bureaucratic 
B) traditional 
C) charismatic 
D) communal 
E) amateur

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of professions?

Accepted Answer

A) altruism 
B) abstract, specialized knowledge 
C) authority 
D) autonomy 
E) alternative lifestyles 
A) altruism 
B) abstract, specialized knowledge 
C) authority 
D) autonomy 
E) alternative lifestyles

Question 5

Pro bono publico work

Accepted Answer

A) is paid employment. 
B) is performed only in medical fields. 
C) has no professional significance. 
D) is unrelated to other professional work. 
E) may carry symbolic rewards. 
A) is paid employment. 
B) is performed only in medical fields. 
C) has no professional significance. 
D) is unrelated to other professional work. 
E) may carry symbolic rewards.

Question 6

Government regulation and managerial control are forces of

Accepted Answer

A) professionalization. 
B) deprofessionalization. 
C) meritocracy. 
D) mystification. 
E) specialization. 
A) professionalization. 
B) deprofessionalization. 
C) meritocracy. 
D) mystification. 
E) specialization.

Question 7

The habit of consistently performing very high-quality work is called

Accepted Answer

A) empowerment. 
B) professionalization. 
C) deprofessionalization. 
D) professionalism. 
E) mystification. 
A) empowerment. 
B) professionalization. 
C) deprofessionalization. 
D) professionalism. 
E) mystification.

Question 8

The model of the "free professions" refers to

Accepted Answer

A) working without pay. 
B) self-employment as opposed to working for a bureaucratic organization. 
C) working without legal constraints. 
D) working without paying a licensing fee. 
E) working without supervision within a bureaucracy. 
A) working without pay. 
B) self-employment as opposed to working for a bureaucratic organization. 
C) working without legal constraints. 
D) working without paying a licensing fee. 
E) working without supervision within a bureaucracy.

Question 9

Outsourcing presupposes that

Accepted Answer

A) the United States no longer produces enough professionals to serve its own needs. 
B) the professionals hired abroad were trained in American professional schools. 
C) the professionals hired abroad are paid more than those in the United States. 
D) the professionals hired abroad have knowledge roughly equivalent to that of U.S.professionals. 
E) U.S.professionals have delegated "dirty work" abroad. 
A) the United States no longer produces enough professionals to serve its own needs. 
B) the professionals hired abroad were trained in American professional schools. 
C) the professionals hired abroad are paid more than those in the United States. 
D) the professionals hired abroad have knowledge roughly equivalent to that of U.S.professionals. 
E) U.S.professionals have delegated "dirty work" abroad.

Question 10

The hallmarks approach (i.e., the structural-functional approach) is most useful for

Accepted Answer

A) understanding the distribution of power within the profession. 
B) predicting which occupations will professionalize. 
C) distinguishing professions from other types of occupations. 
D) understanding how professions maintain a position of dominance. 
E) predicting the behavior of professionals who are employed in bureaucratic organizations. 
A) understanding the distribution of power within the profession. 
B) predicting which occupations will professionalize. 
C) distinguishing professions from other types of occupations. 
D) understanding how professions maintain a position of dominance. 
E) predicting the behavior of professionals who are employed in bureaucratic organizations.

Question 11

Professional knowledge is

Accepted Answer

A) monopolized. 
B) specialized. 
C) couched in jargon. 
D) both a and b 
E) a, b, and c 
A) monopolized. 
B) specialized. 
C) couched in jargon. 
D) both a and b 
E) a, b, and c

Question 12

A powerful professional association is interested in all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) lobbying for favorable laws. 
B) accrediting professional schools. 
C) setting standards for professional degrees. 
D) sharing authority with closely related occupations. 
E) maintaining prestige with clients. 
A) lobbying for favorable laws. 
B) accrediting professional schools. 
C) setting standards for professional degrees. 
D) sharing authority with closely related occupations. 
E) maintaining prestige with clients.

Question 13

The professional-client relationship is most affected by

Accepted Answer

A) professional association accreditation standards. 
B) third-party payments for professional services. 
C) the professional code of ethics. 
D) the alumni association of the professional school. 
E) the client's level of belief in the professional. 
A) professional association accreditation standards. 
B) third-party payments for professional services. 
C) the professional code of ethics. 
D) the alumni association of the professional school. 
E) the client's level of belief in the professional.

Question 14

"Professionalization" refers to

Accepted Answer

A) competence and effectiveness in job performance. 
B) the effort by an occupational group to raise its collective standing. 
C) competition between semi-professionals and paraprofessionals over areas of authority. 
D) specialization. 
E) moving a service from home to market production. 
A) competence and effectiveness in job performance. 
B) the effort by an occupational group to raise its collective standing. 
C) competition between semi-professionals and paraprofessionals over areas of authority. 
D) specialization. 
E) moving a service from home to market production.

Question 15

Which of the following is key to understanding the "power" approach to the professions?

Accepted Answer

A) The professions are relatively meritocratic. 
B) Organized collectivities can act to achieve desired ends. 
C) The possession of specialized technical knowledge gives its holders power. 
D) The state autonomously decides which occupations will be conferred professional status. 
E) Occupations that are already powerful act to retain their power. 
A) The professions are relatively meritocratic. 
B) Organized collectivities can act to achieve desired ends. 
C) The possession of specialized technical knowledge gives its holders power. 
D) The state autonomously decides which occupations will be conferred professional status. 
E) Occupations that are already powerful act to retain their power.

Question 16

Obstacles to professionalization include all but which of
The following?

Accepted Answer

A) opposition from existing professions 
B) opposition from the government 
C) employment in large organizations 
D) public skepticism 
E) difficulty in standardizing a body of knowledge 
A) opposition from existing professions 
B) opposition from the government 
C) employment in large organizations 
D) public skepticism 
E) difficulty in standardizing a body of knowledge

Question 17

Which "hallmark" of the professions leads professionals to expect compliance with their orders from clients and subordinate occupational groups?

Accepted Answer

A) specialized knowledge 
B) autonomy 
C) authority 
D) altruism 
E) ethical obligations 
A) specialized knowledge 
B) autonomy 
C) authority 
D) altruism 
E) ethical obligations

Question 18

Which of the following would you be LEAST likely to find in an occupation that is professionalizing?

Accepted Answer

A) university training programs 
B) professional journals 
C) lobbying effort at the state legislature 
D) licensing 
E) collective bargaining. 
A) university training programs 
B) professional journals 
C) lobbying effort at the state legislature 
D) licensing 
E) collective bargaining.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the "four hallmarks" approach to the professions by the "power" approach?

Accepted Answer

A) The "hallmarks" approach neglects efforts by the professions to reserve work to themselves. 
B) The professions are not really meritocracies as claimed in the "hallmarks" approach. 
C) The "hallmarks" approach overemphasizes the autonomy of professionals. 
D) Professionals are not as altruistic as the "hallmarks" approach suggests. 
E) Struggles within the profession are ignored. 
A) The "hallmarks" approach neglects efforts by the professions to reserve work to themselves. 
B) The professions are not really meritocracies as claimed in the "hallmarks" approach. 
C) The "hallmarks" approach overemphasizes the autonomy of professionals. 
D) Professionals are not as altruistic as the "hallmarks" approach suggests. 
E) Struggles within the profession are ignored.

Question 20

Intense specialization within the professions has led to

Accepted Answer

A) a need for generalists. 
B) demystification. 
C) competition among professions. 
D) competition between professions and semi-professions. 
E) competition between professions and paraprofessions. 
A) a need for generalists. 
B) demystification. 
C) competition among professions. 
D) competition between professions and semi-professions. 
E) competition between professions and paraprofessions.

A code of ethics is a sign of

An occupation that seeks to imitate a profession follows the process of

Employment in large organizations threatens professionals with the substitution of _________ authority for professional authority.

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of professions?

Pro bono publico work

Government regulation and managerial control are forces of

The habit of consistently performing very high-quality work is called

The model of the "free professions" refers to

Outsourcing presupposes that

The hallmarks approach (i.e., the structural-functional approach) is most useful for

Professional knowledge is

A powerful professional association is interested in all of the following EXCEPT

The professional-client relationship is most affected by

"Professionalization" refers to

Which of the following is key to understanding the "power" approach to the professions?

Obstacles to professionalization include all but which of The following?

Which "hallmark" of the professions leads professionals to expect compliance with their orders from clients and subordinate occupational groups?

Which of the following would you be LEAST likely to find in an occupation that is professionalizing?

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the "four hallmarks" approach to the professions by the "power" approach?

Intense specialization within the professions has led to

Foundations

Studying the World of Work

Meaningful Work

Class, Race, and Gender

Work and Family

Collective Responses to Work

Technology and Organization

From Field, Mine, and Factory

The High-Tech Revolution

Services

Managers

Administrative Support and Sales

Marginal Jobs

The World of the Large Corporation

Globalization

The Future of Work

Filters

Exam 11: Professions and Professionals

A code of ethics is a sign of

An occupation that seeks to imitate a profession follows the process of

Employment in large organizations threatens professionals with the substitution of _________ authority for professional authority.

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of professions?

Pro bono publico work

Government regulation and managerial control are forces of

The habit of consistently performing very high-quality work is called

The model of the "free professions" refers to

Outsourcing presupposes that

The hallmarks approach (i.e., the structural-functional approach) is most useful for

Professional knowledge is

A powerful professional association is interested in all of the following EXCEPT

The professional-client relationship is most affected by

"Professionalization" refers to

Which of the following is key to understanding the "power" approach to the professions?

Obstacles to professionalization include all but which of The following?

Which "hallmark" of the professions leads professionals to expect compliance with their orders from clients and subordinate occupational groups?

Which of the following would you be LEAST likely to find in an occupation that is professionalizing?

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the "four hallmarks" approach to the professions by the "power" approach?

Intense specialization within the professions has led to

Foundations

Studying the World of Work

Meaningful Work

Class, Race, and Gender

Work and Family

Collective Responses to Work

Technology and Organization

From Field, Mine, and Factory

The High-Tech Revolution

Services

Managers

Administrative Support and Sales

Marginal Jobs

The World of the Large Corporation

Globalization

The Future of Work

Filters