Question 1

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-philosophes

Accepted Answer

The term "philosophes" refers to a group

Question 2

All of the following were true of the Freemasons during the Enlightenment except

Accepted Answer

A) originating as guilds of working stonemasons, the Freemasons became fraternities of middle class and aristocratic men. 
B) Freemasons regularly conducted pseudo-religious services mocking traditional Christianity. 
C) Freemasons sought to make their members virtuous, disciplined, and civilized. 
D) the Freemasons often included the most elite members of society who supported potentially revolutionary ideals that would ultimately undermine their positions. 
E) in France, the Freemasons organized a Grand Lodge with representatives from the entire country. 
A) originating as guilds of working stonemasons, the Freemasons became fraternities of middle class and aristocratic men. 
B) Freemasons regularly conducted pseudo-religious services mocking traditional Christianity. 
C) Freemasons sought to make their members virtuous, disciplined, and civilized. 
D) the Freemasons often included the most elite members of society who supported potentially revolutionary ideals that would ultimately undermine their positions. 
E) in France, the Freemasons organized a Grand Lodge with representatives from the entire country.

Question 3

Immanuel Kant insisted that

Accepted Answer

A) individuals must conform to knowledge presented by authority. 
B) each individual should reason independently. 
C) education and critical thought were indispensable for the overthrow of the aristocratic order. 
D) there was no conflict between reason and faith. 
E) a person should be enlightened by his own "inner light." 
A) individuals must conform to knowledge presented by authority. 
B) each individual should reason independently. 
C) education and critical thought were indispensable for the overthrow of the aristocratic order. 
D) there was no conflict between reason and faith. 
E) a person should be enlightened by his own "inner light."

Question 4

Hobbes believed that in the state of nature, man was

Accepted Answer

A) primitive but governed by reason. 
B) greedy and warlike. 
C) naturally empathetic. 
D) communistic. 
E) free from original sin. 
A) primitive but governed by reason. 
B) greedy and warlike. 
C) naturally empathetic. 
D) communistic. 
E) free from original sin.

Question 5

Voltaire believed all the following except

Accepted Answer

A) only ideas received from the senses should be believed. 
B) superstition and blind obedience to religious authority are unacceptable. 
C) the people should be allowed to govern themselves. 
D) constitutional monarchy is the best form of government. 
E) the rule of law, religious tolerance, and the humane treatment of criminals was possible. 
A) only ideas received from the senses should be believed. 
B) superstition and blind obedience to religious authority are unacceptable. 
C) the people should be allowed to govern themselves. 
D) constitutional monarchy is the best form of government. 
E) the rule of law, religious tolerance, and the humane treatment of criminals was possible.

Question 6

All of the following can be attributed to the philosophes except

Accepted Answer

A) a definite distrust of science and reason. 
B) demands for humanitarian treatment of slaves and criminals. 
C) a secular orientation and a belief in future progress. 
D) writings that labeled Jesus, Moses, and Mohammed as frauds. 
E) the shaping of modern beliefs in tolerance and human rights. 
A) a definite distrust of science and reason. 
B) demands for humanitarian treatment of slaves and criminals. 
C) a secular orientation and a belief in future progress. 
D) writings that labeled Jesus, Moses, and Mohammed as frauds. 
E) the shaping of modern beliefs in tolerance and human rights.

Question 7

Jean Jacques Rousseau would have agreed with each of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) laws should serve the common good. 
B) "...[W]hoever refuses to obey the general will be forced to do so by the entire body.This means merely that he will be forced to be free." 
C) men are born free and innocent in the state of nature, only society and government corrupts him. 
D) "The interest of the sovereign could not be separated from that of the subject." 
E) modern government is a moral association that makes people better. 
A) laws should serve the common good. 
B) "...[W]hoever refuses to obey the general will be forced to do so by the entire body.This means merely that he will be forced to be free." 
C) men are born free and innocent in the state of nature, only society and government corrupts him. 
D) "The interest of the sovereign could not be separated from that of the subject." 
E) modern government is a moral association that makes people better.

Question 8

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-social contract

Accepted Answer

The social contract is a political theor

Question 9

The American Revolution succeeded because of

Accepted Answer

A) the superior leadership of Washington. 
B) substantial French aid. 
C) a lack of commitment by the British. 
D) a tradition of self-government and an idealized understanding of English liberties. 
E) All of these 
A) the superior leadership of Washington. 
B) substantial French aid. 
C) a lack of commitment by the British. 
D) a tradition of self-government and an idealized understanding of English liberties. 
E) All of these

Question 10

Which of the following statements is inaccurate? In the eighteenth century

Accepted Answer

A) Prussia combined serfdom, militarism, and religious tolerance. 
B) Hungary rapidly modernized and its population doubled. 
C) Poland expelled the Jesuits and instituted educational reform. 
D) English colonists in North America increasingly refused pay for the defense being provided by the motherland. 
E) the American Declaration of Independence appeared as a totally unprecedented, original document. 
A) Prussia combined serfdom, militarism, and religious tolerance. 
B) Hungary rapidly modernized and its population doubled. 
C) Poland expelled the Jesuits and instituted educational reform. 
D) English colonists in North America increasingly refused pay for the defense being provided by the motherland. 
E) the American Declaration of Independence appeared as a totally unprecedented, original document.

Question 11

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-High Enlightenment

Accepted Answer

The High Enlightenment refers to a perio

Question 12

That "Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains" was the stirring pronouncement of

Accepted Answer

A) Rousseau. 
B) Locke. 
C) Diderot. 
D) Jefferson. 
E) Beccaria. 
A) Rousseau. 
B) Locke. 
C) Diderot. 
D) Jefferson. 
E) Beccaria.

Question 13

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that

Accepted Answer

A) was inspired by the Scientific Revolution. 
B) reacted against "monarchical and clerical absolutism." 
C) benefitted from a new freedom of printing in some countries. 
D) has been characterized as the Age of Reason. 
E) All of these 
A) was inspired by the Scientific Revolution. 
B) reacted against "monarchical and clerical absolutism." 
C) benefitted from a new freedom of printing in some countries. 
D) has been characterized as the Age of Reason. 
E) All of these

Question 14

According to David Hume

Accepted Answer

A) the universe does not prove God's existence. 
B) all religion results from human fears and superstitions. 
C) the order apparent in the universe may be more in a person's mind than in reality. 
D) religion is a social convention. 
E) All of these 
A) the universe does not prove God's existence. 
B) all religion results from human fears and superstitions. 
C) the order apparent in the universe may be more in a person's mind than in reality. 
D) religion is a social convention. 
E) All of these

Question 15

The concepts of human rights and human equality were

Accepted Answer

A) made part of the modern Western heritage by the Enlightenment. 
B) not implemented consistently in the 18th century. 
C) related to the scientific view of a universe consisting of matter and universal laws. 
D) perplexing in their application. 
E) All of these 
A) made part of the modern Western heritage by the Enlightenment. 
B) not implemented consistently in the 18th century. 
C) related to the scientific view of a universe consisting of matter and universal laws. 
D) perplexing in their application. 
E) All of these

Question 16

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
-Explain enlightened despotism.

Accepted Answer

Enlightened despotism refers to a form o

Question 17

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
-What place did women have in the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

During the Enlightenment, women had a co

Question 18

Who of the following would likely be rejected from a list of Enlightenment philosophes?

Accepted Answer

A) Immanuel Kant 
B) Benjamin Franklin 
C) Voltaire 
D) Thomas Hobbes 
E) Mary Wollstonecraft 
A) Immanuel Kant 
B) Benjamin Franklin 
C) Voltaire 
D) Thomas Hobbes 
E) Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 19

The author states that most leaders of the Enlightenment sought to

Accepted Answer

A) return society to the freedoms of ancient Athenian democracy. 
B) restructure society according the Christian humanist principles. 
C) impose an ordered freedom on social and political institutions. 
D) enlighten society through the universal education of both sexes. 
E) overthrow unenlightened political systems through revolutions, violent if need be. 
A) return society to the freedoms of ancient Athenian democracy. 
B) restructure society according the Christian humanist principles. 
C) impose an ordered freedom on social and political institutions. 
D) enlighten society through the universal education of both sexes. 
E) overthrow unenlightened political systems through revolutions, violent if need be.

Question 20

Deists believed all the following except

Accepted Answer

A) God does not exist. 
B) Jesus was a great moral teacher but he is not the Son of God. 
C) the essence of religion is ethics, not faith. 
D) revelation and doctrines such as original sin should be rejected. 
E) God created the universe but does not intervene in it. 
A) God does not exist. 
B) Jesus was a great moral teacher but he is not the Son of God. 
C) the essence of religion is ethics, not faith. 
D) revelation and doctrines such as original sin should be rejected. 
E) God created the universe but does not intervene in it.

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -philosophes

All of the following were true of the Freemasons during the Enlightenment except

Immanuel Kant insisted that

Hobbes believed that in the state of nature, man was

Voltaire believed all the following except

All of the following can be attributed to the philosophes except

Jean Jacques Rousseau would have agreed with each of the following except

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -social contract

The American Revolution succeeded because of

Which of the following statements is inaccurate? In the eighteenth century

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -High Enlightenment

That "Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains" was the stirring pronouncement of

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that

According to David Hume

The concepts of human rights and human equality were

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. -Explain enlightened despotism.

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. -What place did women have in the Enlightenment?

Who of the following would likely be rejected from a list of Enlightenment philosophes?

The author states that most leaders of the Enlightenment sought to

Deists believed all the following except

The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greek City-State: Democratic Politics

Greek Thought: From Myth to Reason

The Hellenistic Age: Cultural Diffusion

The Roman Republic: City-State to World Empire

The Roman Empire: a World-State

Early Christianity: a World Religion

The Heirs of Rome: Byzantium, Islam, and Latin Christendom

The High Middle Ages: Vitality and Renewal

The Flowering of Medieval Culture: the Christian Synthesis

The Late Middle Ages: Crisis and Dissolution

The Renaissance: Transition to the Modern Age

The Reformation: the Shattering of Christian Unity

European Expansion: Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution: the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

Filters

Exam 18: The Age of Enlightenment: Reason and Reform

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -philosophes

All of the following were true of the Freemasons during the Enlightenment except

Immanuel Kant insisted that

Hobbes believed that in the state of nature, man was

Voltaire believed all the following except

All of the following can be attributed to the philosophes except

Jean Jacques Rousseau would have agreed with each of the following except

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -social contract

The American Revolution succeeded because of

Which of the following statements is inaccurate? In the eighteenth century

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -High Enlightenment

That "Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains" was the stirring pronouncement of

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that

According to David Hume

The concepts of human rights and human equality were

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. -Explain enlightened despotism.

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. -What place did women have in the Enlightenment?

Who of the following would likely be rejected from a list of Enlightenment philosophes?

The author states that most leaders of the Enlightenment sought to

Deists believed all the following except

The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greek City-State: Democratic Politics

Greek Thought: From Myth to Reason

The Hellenistic Age: Cultural Diffusion

The Roman Republic: City-State to World Empire

The Roman Empire: a World-State

Early Christianity: a World Religion

The Heirs of Rome: Byzantium, Islam, and Latin Christendom

The High Middle Ages: Vitality and Renewal

The Flowering of Medieval Culture: the Christian Synthesis

The Late Middle Ages: Crisis and Dissolution

The Renaissance: Transition to the Modern Age

The Reformation: the Shattering of Christian Unity

European Expansion: Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution: the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

Filters