Question 1

When our data are dichotomous, we can use the proportion-frequency procedure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Which of the following statements is/are true about autocorrelation?

Accepted Answer

A) Its presence can make the results misleading when using the two standard deviation procedure. 
B) It is present if we can predict the value of one data point knowing the value of other data points in the series. 
C) Some serial data are autocorrelated in ways that are not visually obvious. 
D) All of these. 
A) Its presence can make the results misleading when using the two standard deviation procedure. 
B) It is present if we can predict the value of one data point knowing the value of other data points in the series. 
C) Some serial data are autocorrelated in ways that are not visually obvious. 
D) All of these. D

Question 3

When calculating the t-Test with single-system data, the intervention data are treated like experimental group data, and the baseline data are treated like control group data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Single-system design data are autocorrelated if we can predict the value of one data point knowing the value of other data points in the series.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

If the baseline mean is 20 undesirable observed behaviors, the intervention mean is 16 undesirable observed behaviors, and the baseline standard deviation is 4, then the effect size is:

Accepted Answer

A) +1.0 
B) - 1.0 
C) +4.0 
D) -4.0 
A) +1.0 
B) - 1.0 
C) +4.0 
D) -4.0

Question 6

It is appropriate to use the two standard deviation procedure when:

Accepted Answer

A) The outcome variable is at the interval or ratio level of measurement, and the baseline data are unstable. 
B) The baseline data are stable, and the outcome variable is at the nominal level of measurement. 
C) The baseline data are relatively flat, lacking a pronounced increasing or decreasing trend, and the outcome variable is at the interval or ratio level of measurement. 
D) The baseline data are stable and have a pronounced increasing or decreasing trend. 
A) The outcome variable is at the interval or ratio level of measurement, and the baseline data are unstable. 
B) The baseline data are stable, and the outcome variable is at the nominal level of measurement. 
C) The baseline data are relatively flat, lacking a pronounced increasing or decreasing trend, and the outcome variable is at the interval or ratio level of measurement. 
D) The baseline data are stable and have a pronounced increasing or decreasing trend.

Question 7

Which statistical significance procedure to use with single-system design data is influenced by the level of measurement of our outcome variable, the way the data are distributed, and how many data points we have.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

If our single-system design data are statistically significant, we can rule out measurement bias as a possible explanation for our findings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The X-mR-chart method has more statistical power than the two standard deviation approach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When calculating an effect size involving single system design data, the baseline data are treated like a control group, and the intervention data are treated like an experimental group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

When using the two standard deviation procedure, an effect size of at least 1.0 would be statistically significant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

It is appropriate to use the proportion-frequency procedure when:

Accepted Answer

A) The data are nominal and dichotomous. 
B) The data are interval or ratio. 
C) We want to compare the baseline and intervention phase means. 
D) None of these. 
A) The data are nominal and dichotomous. 
B) The data are interval or ratio. 
C) We want to compare the baseline and intervention phase means. 
D) None of these.

Question 13

Which of the following sets of chronologically ordered data is most clearly autocorrelated?

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 4, 5, 2, 2, 1, 3 
B) 4, 5, 5, 4, 1, 6, 3 
C) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 
D) 3, 5, 5, 6, 3, 2, 3 
A) 1, 4, 5, 2, 2, 1, 3 
B) 4, 5, 5, 4, 1, 6, 3 
C) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 
D) 3, 5, 5, 6, 3, 2, 3

Question 14

It is appropriate to use a t-Test with single-system data when:

Accepted Answer

A) The outcome variable is at the nominal level of measurement. 
B) The data in each phase have a skewed distribution. 
C) The baseline data are autocorrelated. 
D) None of these. 
A) The outcome variable is at the nominal level of measurement. 
B) The data in each phase have a skewed distribution. 
C) The baseline data are autocorrelated. 
D) None of these.

Question 15

Calculating the effect size with single-system data involves:

Accepted Answer

A) Calculating the standard deviation of the intervention data and then dividing that into the standard deviation of the baseline data. 
B) Calculating the standard deviation of the baseline data and then dividing that into the intervention mean. 
C) Treating the baseline data like a control group. 
D) Calculating the baseline mean and then dividing that into the intervention mean. 
A) Calculating the standard deviation of the intervention data and then dividing that into the standard deviation of the baseline data. 
B) Calculating the standard deviation of the baseline data and then dividing that into the intervention mean. 
C) Treating the baseline data like a control group. 
D) Calculating the baseline mean and then dividing that into the intervention mean.

Question 16

The X-mR-chart approach can detect whether a data point within any phase is significantly different than other data points within the same phase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following statements is/are correct about calculating the SMD effect size with single-system data?

Accepted Answer

A) Divide the pooled standard deviation into the difference between the baseline and intervention means. 
B) Divide the intervention standard deviation into the difference between the baseline and intervention means. 
C) Never change the plus sign into a minus sign after the calculations are done. 
D) Never change the minus sign into a plus sign after the calculations are done. 
A) Divide the pooled standard deviation into the difference between the baseline and intervention means. 
B) Divide the intervention standard deviation into the difference between the baseline and intervention means. 
C) Never change the plus sign into a minus sign after the calculations are done. 
D) Never change the minus sign into a plus sign after the calculations are done.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is/are correct about statistical significance with single-system data?

Accepted Answer

A) The absence of statistical significance means that the intervention was ineffective. 
B) The presence of statistical significance means that the intervention's effects were meaningful. 
C) The presence of statistical significance means that design flaws can be ruled out as the explanation for the improved outcome. 
D) None of these. 
A) The absence of statistical significance means that the intervention was ineffective. 
B) The presence of statistical significance means that the intervention's effects were meaningful. 
C) The presence of statistical significance means that design flaws can be ruled out as the explanation for the improved outcome. 
D) None of these.

Question 19

Statistical significance is more important than visual significance in interpreting single-system design data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

It is appropriate to use the X-mR-chart when:

Accepted Answer

A) The outcome variable is at the nominal level of measurement. 
B) There is an unstable, fluctuating baseline pattern. 
C) We want to increase statistical power. 
D) All of these. 
A) The outcome variable is at the nominal level of measurement. 
B) There is an unstable, fluctuating baseline pattern. 
C) We want to increase statistical power. 
D) All of these.

When our data are dichotomous, we can use the proportion-frequency procedure.

Which of the following statements is/are true about autocorrelation?

When calculating the t-Test with single-system data, the intervention data are treated like experimental group data, and the baseline data are treated like control group data.

Single-system design data are autocorrelated if we can predict the value of one data point knowing the value of other data points in the series.

If the baseline mean is 20 undesirable observed behaviors, the intervention mean is 16 undesirable observed behaviors, and the baseline standard deviation is 4, then the effect size is:

It is appropriate to use the two standard deviation procedure when:

Which statistical significance procedure to use with single-system design data is influenced by the level of measurement of our outcome variable, the way the data are distributed, and how many data points we have.

If our single-system design data are statistically significant, we can rule out measurement bias as a possible explanation for our findings.

The X-mR-chart method has more statistical power than the two standard deviation approach.

When calculating an effect size involving single system design data, the baseline data are treated like a control group, and the intervention data are treated like an experimental group.

When using the two standard deviation procedure, an effect size of at least 1.0 would be statistically significant.

It is appropriate to use the proportion-frequency procedure when:

Which of the following sets of chronologically ordered data is most clearly autocorrelated?

It is appropriate to use a t-Test with single-system data when:

Calculating the effect size with single-system data involves:

The X-mR-chart approach can detect whether a data point within any phase is significantly different than other data points within the same phase.

Which of the following statements is/are correct about calculating the SMD effect size with single-system data?

Which of the following statements is/are correct about statistical significance with single-system data?

Statistical significance is more important than visual significance in interpreting single-system design data.

It is appropriate to use the X-mR-chart when:

Why Study Statistics

Use of Statistics in Evidence-Based Practice

Review of Key Research Methodology Concepts and Terms

Frequency Distributions

Graphs and Charts

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

Types of Distributions

Z-Scores, Percentiles and Effect Size

Probability and Sampling Distributions

Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Significance

Type I and Type Ii Errors

Interpreting the Strength and Importance of Relationships

The T-Test

Analysis of Variance

Cross Tabulation and Chi-Square

Correlation

Regression Analysis

Filters

Exam 19: Applications to Single-System Evaluation Designs

When our data are dichotomous, we can use the proportion-frequency procedure.

Which of the following statements is/are true about autocorrelation?

When calculating the t-Test with single-system data, the intervention data are treated like experimental group data, and the baseline data are treated like control group data.

Single-system design data are autocorrelated if we can predict the value of one data point knowing the value of other data points in the series.

If the baseline mean is 20 undesirable observed behaviors, the intervention mean is 16 undesirable observed behaviors, and the baseline standard deviation is 4, then the effect size is:

It is appropriate to use the two standard deviation procedure when:

Which statistical significance procedure to use with single-system design data is influenced by the level of measurement of our outcome variable, the way the data are distributed, and how many data points we have.

If our single-system design data are statistically significant, we can rule out measurement bias as a possible explanation for our findings.

The X-mR-chart method has more statistical power than the two standard deviation approach.

When calculating an effect size involving single system design data, the baseline data are treated like a control group, and the intervention data are treated like an experimental group.

When using the two standard deviation procedure, an effect size of at least 1.0 would be statistically significant.

It is appropriate to use the proportion-frequency procedure when:

Which of the following sets of chronologically ordered data is most clearly autocorrelated?

It is appropriate to use a t-Test with single-system data when:

Calculating the effect size with single-system data involves:

The X-mR-chart approach can detect whether a data point within any phase is significantly different than other data points within the same phase.

Which of the following statements is/are correct about calculating the SMD effect size with single-system data?

Which of the following statements is/are correct about statistical significance with single-system data?

Statistical significance is more important than visual significance in interpreting single-system design data.

It is appropriate to use the X-mR-chart when:

Why Study Statistics

Use of Statistics in Evidence-Based Practice

Review of Key Research Methodology Concepts and Terms

Frequency Distributions

Graphs and Charts

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

Types of Distributions

Z-Scores, Percentiles and Effect Size

Probability and Sampling Distributions

Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Significance

Type I and Type Ii Errors

Interpreting the Strength and Importance of Relationships

The T-Test

Analysis of Variance

Cross Tabulation and Chi-Square

Correlation

Regression Analysis

Filters