Question 1

Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following.
a)hydroxylammonium ion: +NH3OH.
b)azide ion: (N3-)

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Question 2

According to atomic theory:

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A)  the nucleus is positively charged. 
B)  the nucleus contains both charged and uncharged particles. 
C)  the electrons contribute very little to the total mass of the atom. 
D)  the electrons are located in the atomic space outside the nucleus. 
E)  all of these 
A)  the nucleus is positively charged. 
B)  the nucleus contains both charged and uncharged particles. 
C)  the electrons contribute very little to the total mass of the atom. 
D)  the electrons are located in the atomic space outside the nucleus. 
E)  all of these

Question 3

Draw the structure for CCl2F2 using solid, wedged, and dashed lines to show the tetrahedral geometry.

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Question 4

Instructions: Refer to the following equation to answer the question(s) below.  
-Refer to instructions. The strongest Brønsted-Lowry acid in the equation is indicated by letter _____.

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Question 5

The structure of urea is shown below. Fill in any nonbonding valence electrons that are missing from the line-bond structure.

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Question 6

Of the bonds found in   which is the most polar?

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A)  C-F 
B)  O-H 
C)  C-H 
D)  C-O 
A)  C-F 
B)  O-H 
C)  C-H 
D)  C-O

Question 7

Identify the reactants and product in the reaction below as acids or bases and specify whether they are Lewis and/or Brønsted-Lowry.

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Question 8

Covalent bonding

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A)  involves a transfer of electrons from one atom to another. 
B)  occurs when atoms share all their valence electrons. 
C)  occurs when unpaired valence electrons are shared between atoms. 
D)  occurs when nonvalence electrons are shared between atoms. 
E)  none of these 
A)  involves a transfer of electrons from one atom to another. 
B)  occurs when atoms share all their valence electrons. 
C)  occurs when unpaired valence electrons are shared between atoms. 
D)  occurs when nonvalence electrons are shared between atoms. 
E)  none of these

Question 9

Convert the skeletal drawing of the pharmaceutical Vioxx into a molecular formula.

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Question 10

Instructions: Write valid Lewis (electron-dot) structures for each formula below. Show all electrons as dots and show all nonbonding electrons.
-Write:
CH3CH2OH ethanol

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Question 11

Instructions: Use the convention $\delta$/$\delta$+ and the crossed arrow   to show the direction of the expected polarity of the indicated bonds in the following compound(s).
-Refer to instructions. The C-F bond in fluorobenzene,

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Use the convention $\delta$/$\delta$+ and the...

Question 12

Instructions: Refer to the following equation to answer the question(s) below.  
-Refer to instructions. The strongest Brønsted-Lowry base in the equation is indicated by letter _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Refer to the following equation to...

Question 13

Specify the hybridization of each carbon atom of limonene, a natural product present in citrus fruits, and thujone, which is derived from wormwood, a traditional component of the notorious liquor, Absinthe.

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Question 14

Instructions: Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms in each structure below.    
-Refer to instructions. The hybridization of carbon atom A is _____.

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Question 15

Instructions: Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms in each structure below.    
-Refer to instructions. The hybridization of carbon atom B is _____.

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Question 16

Consider the formation of an sp2 hybrid orbital. Which of the following is true?

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A)  Four equivalent hybrid orbitals are produced. 
B)  One s and one p atomic orbital are involved. 
C)  One p atomic orbital remains unhybridized. 
D)  The hybrid orbitals produced can form  $\pi$bonds. 
E)  none of these 
A)  Four equivalent hybrid orbitals are produced. 
B)  One s and one p atomic orbital are involved. 
C)  One p atomic orbital remains unhybridized. 
D)  The hybrid orbitals produced can form  $\pi$bonds. 
E)  none of these

Question 17

Instructions: Indole is pleasant smelling in highly dilute solutions and has been used in perfumery. Use the structure of indole, below, to answer the following question(s).  
-Refer to instructions. Indole can function as a Lewis base in the presence of strong acid. Formulate a reaction, using a generic acid (HA), showing electron flow with arrows, that demonstrates this reactivity of indole.

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Question 18

Instructions: Propose a structure for a molecule that meets the following description.
-Refer to instructions. Contains only one sp3 hybridized carbon and two sp2 hybridized carbons.

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Question 19

Instructions: Consider the species below to answer the following question.
 
-Refer to instructions. Which of the following would be common to all?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lewis acids 
B)  Lewis bases 
C)  Lewis acids or bases 
D)  Neither Lewis acids nor bases 
A)  Lewis acids 
B)  Lewis bases 
C)  Lewis acids or bases 
D)  Neither Lewis acids nor bases

Question 20

Draw all the lone pairs (nonbonding valence electrons) on the structure of phosgene, a poisonous gas once used as a chemical warfare agent.

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Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following. a)hydroxylammonium ion: ⁺NH₃OH. b)azide ion: (N₃^-)

According to atomic theory:

Draw the structure for CCl₂F₂ using solid, wedged, and dashed lines to show the tetrahedral geometry.

Instructions: Refer to the following equation to answer the question(s) below. -Refer to instructions. The strongest Brønsted-Lowry acid in the equation is indicated by letter _____.

The structure of urea is shown below. Fill in any nonbonding valence electrons that are missing from the line-bond structure.

Of the bonds found in which is the most polar?

Identify the reactants and product in the reaction below as acids or bases and specify whether they are Lewis and/or Brønsted-Lowry.

Covalent bonding

Convert the skeletal drawing of the pharmaceutical Vioxx into a molecular formula.

Instructions: Write valid Lewis (electron-dot) structures for each formula below. Show all electrons as dots and show all nonbonding electrons. -Write: CH₃CH₂OH ethanol

Instructions: Refer to the following equation to answer the question(s) below. -Refer to instructions. The strongest Brønsted-Lowry base in the equation is indicated by letter _____.

Specify the hybridization of each carbon atom of limonene, a natural product present in citrus fruits, and thujone, which is derived from wormwood, a traditional component of the notorious liquor, Absinthe.

Instructions: Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms in each structure below. -Refer to instructions. The hybridization of carbon atom A is _____.

Instructions: Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms in each structure below. -Refer to instructions. The hybridization of carbon atom B is _____.

Consider the formation of an sp² hybrid orbital. Which of the following is true?

Instructions: Propose a structure for a molecule that meets the following description. -Refer to instructions. Contains only one sp³ hybridized carbon and two sp² hybridized carbons.

Instructions: Consider the species below to answer the following question. -Refer to instructions. Which of the following would be common to all?

Draw all the lone pairs (nonbonding valence electrons) on the structure of phosgene, a poisonous gas once used as a chemical warfare agent.

Alkanes: the Nature of Organic Compounds

Alkenes and Alkynes: the Nature of Organic Reactions

Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

Aromatic Compounds

Sterechemistry at Tetrahedral Centers

Organohalides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations

Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Their Sulfur Analogs

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions

Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions and Condensation Reactions

Amines

Structure Determination

Biomolecules: Carbohydrates

Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

Biomolecules: Lipids and Nucleic Acids

The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Filters

Exam 1: Structure and Bonding:acids and Bases

Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following. a)hydroxylammonium ion: +NH3OH. b)azide ion: (N3-)

According to atomic theory:

Draw the structure for CCl2F2 using solid, wedged, and dashed lines to show the tetrahedral geometry.

Instructions: Refer to the following equation to answer the question(s) below. -Refer to instructions. The strongest Brønsted-Lowry acid in the equation is indicated by letter _____.

The structure of urea is shown below. Fill in any nonbonding valence electrons that are missing from the line-bond structure.

Of the bonds found in which is the most polar?

Identify the reactants and product in the reaction below as acids or bases and specify whether they are Lewis and/or Brønsted-Lowry.

Covalent bonding

Convert the skeletal drawing of the pharmaceutical Vioxx into a molecular formula.

Instructions: Write valid Lewis (electron-dot) structures for each formula below. Show all electrons as dots and show all nonbonding electrons. -Write: CH3CH2OH ethanol

Instructions: Use the convention δ\deltaδ / δ\deltaδ + and the crossed arrow to show the direction of the expected polarity of the indicated bonds in the following compound(s). -Refer to instructions. The C-F bond in fluorobenzene,

Instructions: Refer to the following equation to answer the question(s) below. -Refer to instructions. The strongest Brønsted-Lowry base in the equation is indicated by letter _____.

Specify the hybridization of each carbon atom of limonene, a natural product present in citrus fruits, and thujone, which is derived from wormwood, a traditional component of the notorious liquor, Absinthe.

Instructions: Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms in each structure below. -Refer to instructions. The hybridization of carbon atom A is _____.

Instructions: Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms in each structure below. -Refer to instructions. The hybridization of carbon atom B is _____.

Consider the formation of an sp2 hybrid orbital. Which of the following is true?

Instructions: Propose a structure for a molecule that meets the following description. -Refer to instructions. Contains only one sp3 hybridized carbon and two sp2 hybridized carbons.

Instructions: Consider the species below to answer the following question. -Refer to instructions. Which of the following would be common to all?

Draw all the lone pairs (nonbonding valence electrons) on the structure of phosgene, a poisonous gas once used as a chemical warfare agent.

Alkanes: the Nature of Organic Compounds

Alkenes and Alkynes: the Nature of Organic Reactions

Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

Aromatic Compounds

Sterechemistry at Tetrahedral Centers

Organohalides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations

Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Their Sulfur Analogs

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions

Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions and Condensation Reactions

Amines

Structure Determination

Biomolecules: Carbohydrates

Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

Biomolecules: Lipids and Nucleic Acids

The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Filters

Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following. a)hydroxylammonium ion: ⁺NH₃OH. b)azide ion: (N₃^-)

Draw the structure for CCl₂F₂ using solid, wedged, and dashed lines to show the tetrahedral geometry.

Instructions: Write valid Lewis (electron-dot) structures for each formula below. Show all electrons as dots and show all nonbonding electrons. -Write: CH₃CH₂OH ethanol

Consider the formation of an sp² hybrid orbital. Which of the following is true?

Instructions: Propose a structure for a molecule that meets the following description. -Refer to instructions. Contains only one sp³ hybridized carbon and two sp² hybridized carbons.