Question 1

An important function of nomenclature is to

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitate unambiguous communication. 
B)  clarify relationships among organisms. 
C)  provide an understanding of evolutionary relationships. 
D)  define the characteristics used for classification. 
E)  provide a detailed description of an organism. 
A)  facilitate unambiguous communication. 
B)  clarify relationships among organisms. 
C)  provide an understanding of evolutionary relationships. 
D)  define the characteristics used for classification. 
E)  provide a detailed description of an organism.

Question 2

The most appropriate unit of measurement for intact archaea is the

Accepted Answer

A)  meter (m). 
B)  millimeter (mm). 
C)  micrometer (μm). 
D)  nanometer (nm). 
E)  centimeter (cm). 
A)  meter (m). 
B)  millimeter (mm). 
C)  micrometer (μm). 
D)  nanometer (nm). 
E)  centimeter (cm).

Question 3

Heat is used to drive the stain into cells in the ________ staining procedure(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  endospore stain 
B)  acid-fast stain 
C)  capsule stain 
D)  Gram stain 
E)  both acid-fast and endospore stains 
A)  endospore stain 
B)  acid-fast stain 
C)  capsule stain 
D)  Gram stain 
E)  both acid-fast and endospore stains

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a genus name?

Accepted Answer

A)  it is usually an adjective. 
B)  it is written before the specific epithet. 
C)  it is always capitalized. 
D)  it is either underlined or in italics. 
E)  it is one of two names used to identify an organism. 
A)  it is usually an adjective. 
B)  it is written before the specific epithet. 
C)  it is always capitalized. 
D)  it is either underlined or in italics. 
E)  it is one of two names used to identify an organism.

Question 5

You are examining a bacterial smear on a light microscope.You observe pinkish-red bacilli and blue cells of various shapes.You are probably looking at a smear prepared with the ________ stain.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gram 
B)  Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast 
C)  Schaffer-Fulton endospore 
D)  Gomori methenamine 
E)  Hematoxylin and eosin 
A)  Gram 
B)  Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast 
C)  Schaffer-Fulton endospore 
D)  Gomori methenamine 
E)  Hematoxylin and eosin

Question 6

A serological test that involves the clumping of antigen and antibody is the (agglutination/antigen/ELISA)test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A serological test that involves the clumping...

Question 7

If a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the Gram stain procedure,what would be the result?

Accepted Answer

A)  All cells would be purple. 
B)  Gram-positive cells would be purple and Gram-negative cells would be colorless. 
C)  All cells would be pink. 
D)  Gram-positive cells would be pink and Gram-negative cells would be purple. 
E)  Gram-positive cells would be colorless and Gram-negative cells would be pink. 
A)  All cells would be purple. 
B)  Gram-positive cells would be purple and Gram-negative cells would be colorless. 
C)  All cells would be pink. 
D)  Gram-positive cells would be pink and Gram-negative cells would be purple. 
E)  Gram-positive cells would be colorless and Gram-negative cells would be pink.

Question 8

Which of the following classification methods relies on the morphology of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  phage typing 
B)  physical characteristics 
C)  biochemical tests 
D)  analysis of nucleic acids 
E)  serological tests 
A)  phage typing 
B)  physical characteristics 
C)  biochemical tests 
D)  analysis of nucleic acids 
E)  serological tests

Question 9

The ________ stain makes use of malachite green.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative 
B)  flagellar 
C)  endospore 
D)  electron microscopy 
E)  acid-fast 
A)  negative 
B)  flagellar 
C)  endospore 
D)  electron microscopy 
E)  acid-fast

Question 10

Acidic dyes are commonly used for ________ stains.

Accepted Answer

A)  acid-fast 
B)  negative 
C)  flagellar 
D)  endospore 
E)  Gram 
A)  acid-fast 
B)  negative 
C)  flagellar 
D)  endospore 
E)  Gram

Question 11

Methylene blue can be used to stain DNA because it

Accepted Answer

A)  forms ionic bonds with DNA. 
B)  changes the pH and therefore the structure of DNA. 
C)  covalently bonds with DNA. 
D)  makes DNA electron dense. 
E)  is an effective fixing agent for nucleic acids. 
A)  forms ionic bonds with DNA. 
B)  changes the pH and therefore the structure of DNA. 
C)  covalently bonds with DNA. 
D)  makes DNA electron dense. 
E)  is an effective fixing agent for nucleic acids.

Question 12

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?

Accepted Answer

A)  magnification; refraction of radiation 
B)  contrast; staining techniques 
C)  numerical aperture; curved glass 
D)  simple microscope; Leeuwenhoek 
E)  electron beams; shorter wavelength 
A)  magnification; refraction of radiation 
B)  contrast; staining techniques 
C)  numerical aperture; curved glass 
D)  simple microscope; Leeuwenhoek 
E)  electron beams; shorter wavelength

Question 13

Why have some microbiologists proposed using ribosomal RNA as the basis for defining bacterial species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ribosomal RNAs are highly conserved genetic sequences present in all prokaryotes. 
B)  the "interbreeding population" criterion does not apply to bacteria. 
C)  ribosomal RNA is the basis for domain assignment. 
D)  bacteria vary too little in their physical and biochemical traits. 
E)  bacteria are not interbreeding populations, and ribosomal RNAs are highly conserved genes present in all prokaryotes. 
A)  Ribosomal RNAs are highly conserved genetic sequences present in all prokaryotes. 
B)  the "interbreeding population" criterion does not apply to bacteria. 
C)  ribosomal RNA is the basis for domain assignment. 
D)  bacteria vary too little in their physical and biochemical traits. 
E)  bacteria are not interbreeding populations, and ribosomal RNAs are highly conserved genes present in all prokaryotes.

Question 14

Compare and contrast the three domains identified by Woese and Fox: Eukarya,Bacteria,and Archaea.

Accepted Answer

With respect to cell type,organisms in E

Question 15

If you were trying to visualize flagella without staining,which microscope would you use?

Accepted Answer

A)  phase-contrast 
B)  dark-field 
C)  fluorescent 
D)  confocal 
E)  bright-field 
A)  phase-contrast 
B)  dark-field 
C)  fluorescent 
D)  confocal 
E)  bright-field

Question 16

The total magnification using a 10 ocular and a 100 objective would be (110/1000/10000)×.(Be sure your answer is a numeral.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The total magnification using a 10 ocular...

Question 17

The three domains proposed by Carl Woese and George Fox are the Archaea,the Eukarya,and the Protista.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A cell's G + C ratio is associated with which of the following classification methods?

Accepted Answer

A)  phage typing 
B)  biochemical tests 
C)  physical characteristics 
D)  analysis of nucleic acids 
E)  serological tests 
A)  phage typing 
B)  biochemical tests 
C)  physical characteristics 
D)  analysis of nucleic acids 
E)  serological tests

Question 19

Which of the following is the best definition of "empty magnification"?

Accepted Answer

A)  An image is magnified so much resolution and contrast are lost. 
B)  A specimen is so lacking in color it cannot be observed on a light microscope. 
C)  A magnified specimen is so small it cannot be resolved on a light microscope. 
D)  The background on the field is almost totally black. 
E)  A magnified image has lots of empty space around a small object. 
A)  An image is magnified so much resolution and contrast are lost. 
B)  A specimen is so lacking in color it cannot be observed on a light microscope. 
C)  A magnified specimen is so small it cannot be resolved on a light microscope. 
D)  The background on the field is almost totally black. 
E)  A magnified image has lots of empty space around a small object.

Question 20

A structure that appears in a transmission electron micrograph but is not actually present in the specimen is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen. 
B)  biofilm. 
C)  artifact. 
D)  refraction. 
E)  mordant. 
A)  antigen. 
B)  biofilm. 
C)  artifact. 
D)  refraction. 
E)  mordant.

Exam 4: Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

An important function of nomenclature is to

The most appropriate unit of measurement for intact archaea is the

Heat is used to drive the stain into cells in the ________ staining procedure(s).

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a genus name?

You are examining a bacterial smear on a light microscope.You observe pinkish-red bacilli and blue cells of various shapes.You are probably looking at a smear prepared with the ________ stain.

A serological test that involves the clumping of antigen and antibody is the (agglutination/antigen/ELISA)test.

If a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the Gram stain procedure,what would be the result?

Which of the following classification methods relies on the morphology of organisms?

The ________ stain makes use of malachite green.

Acidic dyes are commonly used for ________ stains.

Methylene blue can be used to stain DNA because it

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?

Why have some microbiologists proposed using ribosomal RNA as the basis for defining bacterial species?

Compare and contrast the three domains identified by Woese and Fox: Eukarya,Bacteria,and Archaea.

If you were trying to visualize flagella without staining,which microscope would you use?

The total magnification using a 10 ocular and a 100 objective would be (110/1000/10000)×.(Be sure your answer is a numeral.)

The three domains proposed by Carl Woese and George Fox are the Archaea,the Eukarya,and the Protista.

A cell's G + C ratio is associated with which of the following classification methods?

Which of the following is the best definition of "empty magnification"?

A structure that appears in a transmission electron micrograph but is not actually present in the specimen is known as a(n)

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic DNA Viruses

Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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