Exam 7: Use of the Energy Nutrients: Metabolism and Balance

The macronutrients supplying physiologic energy are carbohydrate,protein,fat,and alcohol.After conversion to glycogen and glycerol,these basic nutrient units are delivered to the cells.

Hormones stimulate,but do not retard,the functions of other cells.Hormones act as messengers that principally control metabolic functions that affect the skeletal muscular and nervous systems.

The liver performs each action upon cholesterol,except one.Which is the exception?

Type 1 diabetes is also referred to as juvenile diabetes because adults do not develop this disease.

Each is a symptom of type 1 diabetes mellitus,except one.Which is the exception?

The major waste product of protein catabolism is ammonia.The liver converts ammonia to urea to be excreted by the kidneys.

Hunger,also known as appetite,is the physiologic drive to eat.Energy balance is maintained when the kilocalorie intake is within 10% of energy needed for body processes and physical activities.

Each is true of metabolic interrelationships,except one.Which is the exception?

Psychologic disorders such as anorexia nervosa can become life threatening because a lack of perception of one's undernourishment causes a vicious downward spiral of metabolic imbalances.

Regardless of whether excessive food intake is in the form of protein,carbohydrate,alcohol,or fat,most excess energy intake is stored in the liver.Fat is a good source of energy,but protein is the preferred fuel.

In addition to producing excessive water within cells,ketoacidosis is a dangerous condition because the brain and nerve cells use ketones for some of their fuel requirements when glucose levels remain low for several days.

Each is a function of the liver,except one.Which is the exception?

The thalamus gland,located in the center of the brain,is important in controlling huger because it contains both a satiety and hunger center.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia do NOT include:

Many patients gain weight after age 25 because the BMR decreases and previous eating habits are maintained without increasing activity.

Approximately 90% to 95% of Americans with diabetes have type 1 diabetes mellitus.This form of the disease results from insulin resistance.

Each is true of type 2 diabetes,except one.Which is the exception?

Each mechanism affects the amount eaten at a particular meal,except one.Which is the exception?

Each recommendation is appropriate for counseling patients with diabetes mellitus,except one.Which is the exception?

Which individual would be expected to have the highest basal metabolic rate (BMR)?