Exam 4: Carbohydrate: The Efficient Fuel

Based on the information in the Food Record,which is the best source of cellulose? *Food Record Breakfast 1 cup oatmeal 1 slice whole-grain toast Cup grapefruit juice 1 cup milk *Lunch 2 slices white bread Lettuce leaf and carrot 2 oz slices turkey breast Cup corn 1 orange *Dinner 1 whole blueberry muffin 3 oz grilled chicken Cup baked beans Cup cooked cabbage 2 plums

Which animal-derived food contains the most significant level of carbohydrates?

Which consumption pattern of fermentable carbohydrate is considered most cariogenic?

High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)has been used primarily in carbonate beverages and fruit preparations because sugar alcohols are thought to decrease the risk of dental caries.

Sucrose,lactose,and fructose can result in demineralization of tooth enamel because they rapidly diffuse into plaque biofilm and raise pH levels.

The principal role of absorbed sugar is to:

Each statement is true of sugar alcohols,except one.Which is the exception?

Carbohydrate metabolism requires an adequate supply of B vitamins and two minerals-calcium and magnesium.Usually,adequate amounts of nutrients accompany carbohydrate intake except when refined sugars and breads are the predominant choices.

Dietary fiber refers to digestible components of food that include polysaccharides,lignin,whole grains,and seeds.Sources or dietary fiber usually contain other macronutrients,but vitamin and mineral components must be obtained through food processing.

Vegetables such as lettuce,celery,and broccoli have the potential to cause acid production or demineralization of enamel because they contain carbohydrate.

During pregnancy,saccharin is safe to recommend because nonnutritive sweeteners do not cross the placental barrier.

Complex carbohydrates contain more than 10 monosaccharides.Complex carbohydrates are also called disaccharides.

Sucrose,lactose,and fructose can be metabolized by bacterial plaque.Fructose,also known as levulose and found naturally in honey,is less cariogenic than sucrose and lactose.

As the frequency of fermentable carbohydrate intake increases,the pH of plaque decreases.A fermentable carbohydrate that can reduce salivary pH to less than 7.5 is considered cariogenic.

Starches are insoluble in cold water because the cell wall is composed of long,straight tightly bound chains of glucose units.

For individuals with diabetes,a blood glucose level before meals that is greater than 130 mg/dL is considered hypoglycemic.A blood glucose level that is less than 70 mg/dL is hyperglycemia.

Ideal foods to recommend to patients to increase their fiber intake include all,except one.Which is the exception?

Carbohydrates alone do not cause obesity.Excessive caloric intake and inadequate energy output are the primary causes of obesity.

Which provides the most fructose?

Snacks contribute significantly to the nutritional intake of young children and teenagers.Approximately 50% of commonly consumed snack foods contain fermentable carbohydrates.