Question 1

Which scientist solved the problem of explaining the motion of the universe?

Accepted Answer

A) Newton 
B) Copernicus 
C) Galileo 
D) Kepler 
E) Galen 
A) Newton 
B) Copernicus 
C) Galileo 
D) Kepler 
E) Galen

Question 2

Tycho Brahe agreed with Copernicus that the earth does indeed move.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In what ways was the work of Isaac Newton the culmination of almost two centuries of scientific research and development?

Accepted Answer

Isaac Newton's work was the culmination

Question 4

Galileo played a key role in spreading awareness of the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Galileo is credited with the invention of calculus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Renaissance thinkers applauded the work of ancient mathematicians.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What was Newton's contribution to astronomy?

Accepted Answer

A) To prove that the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth 
B) To posit that accurate observation is the foundation of sound theory 
C) To prove that the earth is at the center of the solar system 
D) To argue that nothing can ever really be proven 
E) To show that the moon is was at the center of the universe 
A) To prove that the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth 
B) To posit that accurate observation is the foundation of sound theory 
C) To prove that the earth is at the center of the solar system 
D) To argue that nothing can ever really be proven 
E) To show that the moon is was at the center of the universe

Question 8

What did Newtown explain in his major work, Principia ?

Accepted Answer

A) A technique for unclogging arteries 
B) The mathematical foundation for the universal law of gravitation 
C) The astronomical work of his predecessors 
D) How to use calculus 
E) The foundation of alchemical principles 
A) A technique for unclogging arteries 
B) The mathematical foundation for the universal law of gravitation 
C) The astronomical work of his predecessors 
D) How to use calculus 
E) The foundation of alchemical principles

Question 9

William Harvey argued that disease was not caused by an imbalance of the four bodily humors but by chemical imbalances that could be treated by chemical remedies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What impact did the new scientific conception of the universe and the natural world have on Western society and secular authorities?

Accepted Answer

The new scientific conception of the uni

Question 11

The condemnation of Galileo by the Church undermined further scientific work in

Accepted Answer

A) Germany. 
B) France. 
C) Italy. 
D) the Netherlands. 
E) England. 
A) Germany. 
B) France. 
C) Italy. 
D) the Netherlands. 
E) England.

Question 12

Eighteenth-century anatomical studies generally concluded that

Accepted Answer

A) men were capable of giving birth. 
B) women were not fully human. 
C) men were superior to women. 
D) men and women were biologically indistinguishable. 
E) women were superior to men. 
A) men were capable of giving birth. 
B) women were not fully human. 
C) men were superior to women. 
D) men and women were biologically indistinguishable. 
E) women were superior to men.

Question 13

In Galileo's view,

Accepted Answer

A) the Church was the supreme authority in all things. 
B) it was not up to the Church to determine the nature of physical reality. 
C) God did not exist. 
D) all religions were equal. 
E) it was impossible to prove anything definitively. 
A) the Church was the supreme authority in all things. 
B) it was not up to the Church to determine the nature of physical reality. 
C) God did not exist. 
D) all religions were equal. 
E) it was impossible to prove anything definitively.

Question 14

What statement best describes the philosophy of René Descartes?

Accepted Answer

A) It stressed a separation of mind and matter. 
B) It stressed a holistic universe of mind and matter devoid of a creator-God. 
C) It saw the material world as a living thing containing the human essence. 
D) It would not have a wide influence upon Western thought until the nineteenth century. 
E) It was condemned by the government of the Dutch Republic. 
A) It stressed a separation of mind and matter. 
B) It stressed a holistic universe of mind and matter devoid of a creator-God. 
C) It saw the material world as a living thing containing the human essence. 
D) It would not have a wide influence upon Western thought until the nineteenth century. 
E) It was condemned by the government of the Dutch Republic.

Question 15

According to Leonardo da Vinci, what subject was the key to understanding the nature of things?

Accepted Answer

A) Astronomy 
B) Art 
C) Biology 
D) The Bible 
E) Mathematics 
A) Astronomy 
B) Art 
C) Biology 
D) The Bible 
E) Mathematics

Question 16

By what other name is the Ptolemaic conception of the universe?

Accepted Answer

A) God's master plan 
B) The geocentric conception 
C) The lunacentric conception 
D) The expanding universe 
E) The pantheistic theory 
A) God's master plan 
B) The geocentric conception 
C) The lunacentric conception 
D) The expanding universe 
E) The pantheistic theory

Question 17

Which scientist's work led to the law that states that the volume of a gas varies with the pressure exerted upon it and the idea that matter is composed of atoms, later known as the chemical elements?

Accepted Answer

A) William Harvey 
B) Paracelsus 
C) Andreas Vesalius 
D) Robert Boyle 
E) Antoine Lavoisier 
A) William Harvey 
B) Paracelsus 
C) Andreas Vesalius 
D) Robert Boyle 
E) Antoine Lavoisier

Question 18

What did Blaise Pascal argue about humans?

Accepted Answer

A) They can know infinity through reason. 
B) They are the summation of all things. 
C) They can only understand that which is revealed to them by the Bible. 
D) They are uniquely separate from the rest of the animal world. 
E) They cannot understand infinity; only God can do this. 
A) They can know infinity through reason. 
B) They are the summation of all things. 
C) They can only understand that which is revealed to them by the Bible. 
D) They are uniquely separate from the rest of the animal world. 
E) They cannot understand infinity; only God can do this.

Question 19

What did Pascal do in his work Pensées ?

Accepted Answer

A) He showed that science and religion were incompatible. 
B) He popularized the scientific method. 
C) He offered his thoughts on the heliocentric theory. 
D) He attempted to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid by appealing to their reason and emotions. 
E) He advocated the importance of thought. 
A) He showed that science and religion were incompatible. 
B) He popularized the scientific method. 
C) He offered his thoughts on the heliocentric theory. 
D) He attempted to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid by appealing to their reason and emotions. 
E) He advocated the importance of thought.

Question 20

What were the key features of medieval cosmology?

Accepted Answer

Medieval cosmology was heavily influence

Exam 16: Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: the Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

Which scientist solved the problem of explaining the motion of the universe?

Tycho Brahe agreed with Copernicus that the earth does indeed move.

In what ways was the work of Isaac Newton the culmination of almost two centuries of scientific research and development?

Galileo played a key role in spreading awareness of the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Galileo is credited with the invention of calculus.

Renaissance thinkers applauded the work of ancient mathematicians.

What was Newton's contribution to astronomy?

What did Newtown explain in his major work, Principia ?

William Harvey argued that disease was not caused by an imbalance of the four bodily humors but by chemical imbalances that could be treated by chemical remedies.

What impact did the new scientific conception of the universe and the natural world have on Western society and secular authorities?

The condemnation of Galileo by the Church undermined further scientific work in

Eighteenth-century anatomical studies generally concluded that

In Galileo's view,

What statement best describes the philosophy of René Descartes?

According to Leonardo da Vinci, what subject was the key to understanding the nature of things?

By what other name is the Ptolemaic conception of the universe?

Which scientist's work led to the law that states that the volume of a gas varies with the pressure exerted upon it and the idea that matter is composed of atoms, later known as the chemical elements?

What did Blaise Pascal argue about humans?

What did Pascal do in his work Pensées ?

What were the key features of medieval cosmology?

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars, 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II

Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: The Western World, 1965-1985

After the Fall: The Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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