Question 1

define the following term:
-alchemy and Hermetic magic

Accepted Answer

Alchemy and Hermetic magic are both anci

Question 2

define the following term:
-Philosophical Transactions

Accepted Answer

Philosophical Transactions is a scientif

Question 3

Unlike many Protestants, the Catholic Church did not denounce and condemn the theories of Copernicus until the works of Galileo appeared over seventy-five years later.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

define the following term:
-Benedict de Spinoza's pantheism

Accepted Answer

Benedict de Spinoza's pantheism is a phi

Question 5

define the following term:
-universal law of gravitation

Accepted Answer

The universal law of gravitation, formul

Question 6

How was the new scientific knowledge spread in the seventeenth century?

Accepted Answer

In the seventeenth century, new scientif

Question 7

Maria Sibylla Merian

Accepted Answer

A) gained fame as an important entomologist. 
B) was trained at the University of Berlin. 
C) earned her a place in the Royal Academy of Science. 
D) completed much of her scientific work in Africa. 
E) all of the above. 
A) gained fame as an important entomologist. 
B) was trained at the University of Berlin. 
C) earned her a place in the Royal Academy of Science. 
D) completed much of her scientific work in Africa. 
E) all of the above.

Question 8

define the following term:
-four bodily humors

Accepted Answer

The theory of the four bodily humors, al

Question 9

Scholars devoted to Hermeticism

Accepted Answer

A) believed that the world was a very recent and still imperfect creation. 
B) credited the devil with control over the dark secrets of nature. 
C) saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature. 
D) retreated from study of the natural world to concentrate on mastery of theories of magic. 
E) all of the above. 
A) believed that the world was a very recent and still imperfect creation. 
B) credited the devil with control over the dark secrets of nature. 
C) saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature. 
D) retreated from study of the natural world to concentrate on mastery of theories of magic. 
E) all of the above.

Question 10

define the following term:
-Ptolemaic universe

Accepted Answer

The Ptolemaic universe, also known as th

Question 11

define the following term:
-Journal des Savants

Accepted Answer

The Journal des Savants, established in

Question 12

What factors propelled the development of new scientific theories and methods in the seventeenth century?

Accepted Answer

Several factors propelled the developmen

Question 13

Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that

Accepted Answer

A) the planets are made of earth-like material. 
B) planetary orbits are elliptical. 
C) the stars are immensely far away. 
D) everything is an illusion. 
E) the moon orbits around the earth. 
A) the planets are made of earth-like material. 
B) planetary orbits are elliptical. 
C) the stars are immensely far away. 
D) everything is an illusion. 
E) the moon orbits around the earth.

Question 14

Which of the following is not true of the ideas of Copernicus?

Accepted Answer

A) they raised serious questions about Aristotle's astronomy and physics. 
B) they revealed Copernicus to be basically conservative. 
C) they seemed to create uncertainty about the role of humans in the universe. 
D) they resulted in a system much less complicated than that of Ptolemy. 
E) they cast into doubt God's location in the universe. 
A) they raised serious questions about Aristotle's astronomy and physics. 
B) they revealed Copernicus to be basically conservative. 
C) they seemed to create uncertainty about the role of humans in the universe. 
D) they resulted in a system much less complicated than that of Ptolemy. 
E) they cast into doubt God's location in the universe.

Question 15

Copernicus supported the heliocentric conception of the universe because

Accepted Answer

A) as a Protestant, he felt free to interpret Scripture in a non-literal fashion. 
B) it earned him entrance into the Royal Academy of Science. 
C) it offered a simpler and more accurate explanation for the observed motions of heavenly bodies. 
D) he wanted to prove the theories of his patron, the prince of Parma 
E) he argued that the sun is the source of all energy on earth. 
A) as a Protestant, he felt free to interpret Scripture in a non-literal fashion. 
B) it earned him entrance into the Royal Academy of Science. 
C) it offered a simpler and more accurate explanation for the observed motions of heavenly bodies. 
D) he wanted to prove the theories of his patron, the prince of Parma 
E) he argued that the sun is the source of all energy on earth.

Question 16

Tycho Brahe contributed to the advance of astronomy by

Accepted Answer

A) working out the theory of inertia. 
B) making accurate observations of the planets. 
C) calculating the pull of gravity on the tides by the moon. 
D) calculating the distance to the sun. 
E) inventing the astrolabe. 
A) working out the theory of inertia. 
B) making accurate observations of the planets. 
C) calculating the pull of gravity on the tides by the moon. 
D) calculating the distance to the sun. 
E) inventing the astrolabe.

Question 17

Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by

Accepted Answer

A) disproving Galen's ancient theory of two separate blood systems. 
B) dissecting human rather than animal cadavers. 
C) advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine. 
D) rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors. 
E) discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body. 
A) disproving Galen's ancient theory of two separate blood systems. 
B) dissecting human rather than animal cadavers. 
C) advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine. 
D) rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors. 
E) discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body.

Question 18

The cosmological views of the Later Middle Ages held that which of the following was the center of the universe?

Accepted Answer

A) The sun. 
B) The earth. 
C) Heaven. 
D) The epicycles. 
E) The moon. 
A) The sun. 
B) The earth. 
C) Heaven. 
D) The epicycles. 
E) The moon.

Question 19

Galileo wrote

Accepted Answer

A) Pensées . 
B) a translation of the Bible in Italian. 
C) The Starry Messenger . 
D) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres . 
E) Principia . 
A) Pensées . 
B) a translation of the Bible in Italian. 
C) The Starry Messenger . 
D) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres . 
E) Principia .

Question 20

William Harvey's On the Motion of the Heart and Blood refuted the ideas of

Accepted Answer

A) the immune system being associated with the pancreas. 
B) the brain stem being disconnected from the brain. 
C) the independent functioning of the lymph system. 
D) herbal healing. 
E) the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood. 
A) the immune system being associated with the pancreas. 
B) the brain stem being disconnected from the brain. 
C) the independent functioning of the lymph system. 
D) herbal healing. 
E) the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood.

Exam 16: Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: the Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

define the following term: -alchemy and Hermetic magic

define the following term: -Philosophical Transactions

Unlike many Protestants, the Catholic Church did not denounce and condemn the theories of Copernicus until the works of Galileo appeared over seventy-five years later.

define the following term: -Benedict de Spinoza's pantheism

define the following term: -universal law of gravitation

How was the new scientific knowledge spread in the seventeenth century?

Maria Sibylla Merian

define the following term: -four bodily humors

Scholars devoted to Hermeticism

define the following term: -Ptolemaic universe

define the following term: -Journal des Savants

What factors propelled the development of new scientific theories and methods in the seventeenth century?

Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that

Which of the following is not true of the ideas of Copernicus?

Copernicus supported the heliocentric conception of the universe because

Tycho Brahe contributed to the advance of astronomy by

Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by

The cosmological views of the Later Middle Ages held that which of the following was the center of the universe?

Galileo wrote

William Harvey's On the Motion of the Heart and Blood refuted the ideas of

The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars, 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War Ii

Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: the Western World, 1965-1985

After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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