Question 1

Swelling soils are typically due to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) kaolinite clay expelling, water which increases the volume of sand layers 
B) heat, which increases the volume of water bound in clay layers 
C) freezing water, which expands, increasing the volume of clay layers 
D) smectite clay increasing in volume as it absorbs water 
E) landslides removing pressure from clay layers, allowing them to increase in volume 
A) kaolinite clay expelling, water which increases the volume of sand layers 
B) heat, which increases the volume of water bound in clay layers 
C) freezing water, which expands, increasing the volume of clay layers 
D) smectite clay increasing in volume as it absorbs water 
E) landslides removing pressure from clay layers, allowing them to increase in volume D

Question 2

Ground settling from thaws is only found in the area around the Arctic Ocean.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Clays play a role in land subsidence by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) weighing down organic material and compacting it, causing subsidence 
B) swelling and causing runoff and subsidence in adjacent areas 
C) absorbing moisture to counteract subsidence 
D) blocking the absorption of groundwater by the aquifer, making subsidence likely downstream 
E) collapsing into compact layers when dried, increasing subsidence 
A) weighing down organic material and compacting it, causing subsidence 
B) swelling and causing runoff and subsidence in adjacent areas 
C) absorbing moisture to counteract subsidence 
D) blocking the absorption of groundwater by the aquifer, making subsidence likely downstream 
E) collapsing into compact layers when dried, increasing subsidence E

Question 4

In addition to limestone, evaporites like ____ and ____ can create underground cavities.

Accepted Answer

A) smectite; salt 
B) smectite; gypsum 
C) permafrost; smectite 
D) gypsum; karst 
E) salt; gypsum 
A) smectite; salt 
B) smectite; gypsum 
C) permafrost; smectite 
D) gypsum; karst 
E) salt; gypsum

Question 5

Rainwater becomes acidic as it dissolves limestone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The decomposition of peat layers in soils ____.

Accepted Answer

A) releases sodium bicarbonate into groundwater 
B) can result in flooding in land drained for farming 
C) is usually caused when the peat layer is exposed by digging or tilling 
D) happens during abnormally dry seasons 
E) transforms the peat into clay 
A) releases sodium bicarbonate into groundwater 
B) can result in flooding in land drained for farming 
C) is usually caused when the peat layer is exposed by digging or tilling 
D) happens during abnormally dry seasons 
E) transforms the peat into clay

Question 7

Thawing permafrost _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) creates problems for oil pipelines, which run underground in high latitudes 
B) reduces climate change dangers by absorbing atmospheric heat 
C) increases climate change dangers by injecting warm water into the Arctic Ocean 
D) puts buildings at risk of damage, but does not disrupt transportation 
E) leads to a reduction in biodiversity by removing vegetation that protects snowbanks 
A) creates problems for oil pipelines, which run underground in high latitudes 
B) reduces climate change dangers by absorbing atmospheric heat 
C) increases climate change dangers by injecting warm water into the Arctic Ocean 
D) puts buildings at risk of damage, but does not disrupt transportation 
E) leads to a reduction in biodiversity by removing vegetation that protects snowbanks

Question 8

The level to which _______________ rises in a well is the location of the water table.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The level to which _______________ rises in...

Question 9

Limestone consists of rock made from ____.

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide 
B) carbonic acid 
C) sodium bicarbonate 
D) calcium carbonate 
E) carbon silicate 
A) carbon dioxide 
B) carbonic acid 
C) sodium bicarbonate 
D) calcium carbonate 
E) carbon silicate

Question 10

_______________ clay is most involved with swelling soils.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ clay is most involved with swelling...

Question 11

Soils with a high smectite clay composition are at risk of land subsidence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Sinkholes are triggered when the groundwater level rises.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

You are a hotel manager and your employer has given you a choice of locations in Florida to relocate to as part of a promotion. You have been offered positions in Tampa (central Gulf Coast), Orlando (inland central Florida), Tallahassee (northern Florida Panhandle), and Miami (south Atlantic Coast). Considering only the hazard represented by sinkholes, which location will be safest and why?

Accepted Answer

Florida experiences a great danger of si

Question 14

The uneven, potholed surface of karst is caused by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) erosion from ancient streambeds 
B) the pattern of deposited material from glaciers 
C) hardening of volcanic ash into tuff 
D) swelling due to the absorption of water 
E) the dissolution of the surface in the presence of acids 
A) erosion from ancient streambeds 
B) the pattern of deposited material from glaciers 
C) hardening of volcanic ash into tuff 
D) swelling due to the absorption of water 
E) the dissolution of the surface in the presence of acids

Question 15

What creates caverns in limestone rock?

Accepted Answer

A) Underground streams erode the walls of the channels they flow through. 
B) Limestone is deposited as a sediment, and caverns exist where organic material was trapped and decomposed. 
C) Earthquakes create gaps at weak boundaries in the limestone. 
D) Limestone dissolves in the presence of salt, and creates caverns when located under the sea. 
E) Acidic rainwater dissolves limestone rock, leaving empty caverns. 
A) Underground streams erode the walls of the channels they flow through. 
B) Limestone is deposited as a sediment, and caverns exist where organic material was trapped and decomposed. 
C) Earthquakes create gaps at weak boundaries in the limestone. 
D) Limestone dissolves in the presence of salt, and creates caverns when located under the sea. 
E) Acidic rainwater dissolves limestone rock, leaving empty caverns.

Question 16

A(n) _______________ hangs from the ceiling of a cavern.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) _______________ hangs from the ceiling of...

Question 17

Water and soil percolating through karst fissures can create a small depression through the process of _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Water and soil percolating through karst fissures...

Question 18

Discuss three factors that increase ground settling due to thaw in Arctic regions.

Accepted Answer

​ 
 A successful answer will include at

Question 19

In order for limestone to collapse to form a major sinkhole, the ground above must be ____.

Accepted Answer

A) thin and porous so that rainwater passes through easily 
B) small-grained so the soils can percolate through fissures 
C) thick and rich in cohesive clay to allow a cavern to form 
D) high in peat, allowing decomposition in the presence of oxygen 
E) acidic, to speed the dissolution process 
A) thin and porous so that rainwater passes through easily 
B) small-grained so the soils can percolate through fissures 
C) thick and rich in cohesive clay to allow a cavern to form 
D) high in peat, allowing decomposition in the presence of oxygen 
E) acidic, to speed the dissolution process

Question 20

Vegetation increases the swelling of soils.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Swelling soils are typically due to ____.

Ground settling from thaws is only found in the area around the Arctic Ocean.

Clays play a role in land subsidence by ____.

In addition to limestone, evaporites like and can create underground cavities.

Rainwater becomes acidic as it dissolves limestone.

The decomposition of peat layers in soils ____.

Thawing permafrost _______________.

The level to which _______________ rises in a well is the location of the water table.

Limestone consists of rock made from ____.

_______________ clay is most involved with swelling soils.

Soils with a high smectite clay composition are at risk of land subsidence.

Sinkholes are triggered when the groundwater level rises.

The uneven, potholed surface of karst is caused by ____.

What creates caverns in limestone rock?

A(n) _______________ hangs from the ceiling of a cavern.

Water and soil percolating through karst fissures can create a small depression through the process of _______________.

Discuss three factors that increase ground settling due to thaw in Arctic regions.

In order for limestone to collapse to form a major sinkhole, the ground above must be ____.

Vegetation increases the swelling of soils.

Natural Hazards and Disasters

Plate Tectonics and Physical Hazards

Earthquakes and Their Causes

Earthquake Predictions Forecasts and Mitigation

Tsunami

Volcanoes Tectonic Environments and Eruptions

Volcanoes Hazards and Mitigation

Landslides and Other Downslope Movements

Weather Thunderstorms and Tornadoes

Climate Change Processes and History

Climate Change Impacts and Mitigation

Streams and Flood Processes

Floods and Human Interactions

Waves Beaches and Coastal Erosion

Hurricanes and nor Easters

Wildfires

Asteroid and Comet Impacts

Filters

Exam 9: Sinkholes Land Subsidence and Swelling Soils

Swelling soils are typically due to ____.

Ground settling from thaws is only found in the area around the Arctic Ocean.

Clays play a role in land subsidence by ____.

In addition to limestone, evaporites like ____ and ____ can create underground cavities.

Rainwater becomes acidic as it dissolves limestone.

The decomposition of peat layers in soils ____.

Thawing permafrost _______________.

The level to which _______________ rises in a well is the location of the water table.

Limestone consists of rock made from ____.

_______________ clay is most involved with swelling soils.

Soils with a high smectite clay composition are at risk of land subsidence.

Sinkholes are triggered when the groundwater level rises.

The uneven, potholed surface of karst is caused by ____.

What creates caverns in limestone rock?

A(n) _______________ hangs from the ceiling of a cavern.

Water and soil percolating through karst fissures can create a small depression through the process of _______________.

Discuss three factors that increase ground settling due to thaw in Arctic regions.

In order for limestone to collapse to form a major sinkhole, the ground above must be ____.

Vegetation increases the swelling of soils.

Natural Hazards and Disasters

Plate Tectonics and Physical Hazards

Earthquakes and Their Causes

Earthquake Predictions Forecasts and Mitigation

Tsunami

Volcanoes Tectonic Environments and Eruptions

Volcanoes Hazards and Mitigation

Landslides and Other Downslope Movements

Weather Thunderstorms and Tornadoes

Climate Change Processes and History

Climate Change Impacts and Mitigation

Streams and Flood Processes

Floods and Human Interactions

Waves Beaches and Coastal Erosion

Hurricanes and nor Easters

Wildfires

Asteroid and Comet Impacts

Filters

In addition to limestone, evaporites like and can create underground cavities.