Question 1

What is true of latent inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A) Learning associated with latent inhibition involves forgetting a response, resulting in relatively poor learning. 
B) Learning associated with latent inhibition involves forgetting a response, resulting in very effective learning. 
C) Learning associated with latent inhibition is slow, resulting in relatively poor learning. 
D) Learning associated with latent inhibition is slow, resulting in very effective learning. 
A) Learning associated with latent inhibition involves forgetting a response, resulting in relatively poor learning. 
B) Learning associated with latent inhibition involves forgetting a response, resulting in very effective learning. 
C) Learning associated with latent inhibition is slow, resulting in relatively poor learning. 
D) Learning associated with latent inhibition is slow, resulting in very effective learning.

Question 2

Sara allows her dog, Isabel, to run freely at a local park. When a truck drives by and its engine backfires loudly, Isabel quickly jumps up on her hind legs and barks loudly. Isabel's response illustrates ____.

Accepted Answer

A) an instinct 
B) operant conditioning 
C) sensitization 
D) a reflex 
A) an instinct 
B) operant conditioning 
C) sensitization 
D) a reflex

Question 3

Which condition is characterized by a lack of back-and-forth imitation of gestures and facial expressions during infancy and deficits in empathy and social skills later in life?

Accepted Answer

A) Down syndrome 
B) bipolar disorder 
C) autism 
D) schizophrenia 
A) Down syndrome 
B) bipolar disorder 
C) autism 
D) schizophrenia

Question 4

A consequence that eliminates or reduces the frequency of a behavior by applying an aversive stimulus is referred to as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement 
B) positive punishment 
C) negative punishment 
D) positive reinforcement 
A) negative reinforcement 
B) positive punishment 
C) negative punishment 
D) positive reinforcement

Question 5

Lucia, who experiences extreme anxiety when taking an exam, practices meditation breathing to reduce her anxiety prior to taking a test. Her meditation breathing is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) negative punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) positive reinforcement 
A) negative punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) positive reinforcement

Question 6

What delays the process of extinction?

Accepted Answer

A) the continuous reinforcement effect 
B) the partial reinforcement effect 
C) the inhibitory reinforcement effect 
D) the arbitrary reinforcement effect 
A) the continuous reinforcement effect 
B) the partial reinforcement effect 
C) the inhibitory reinforcement effect 
D) the arbitrary reinforcement effect

Question 7

The Brelands concluded that animals' strong instinctive behaviors predominated over behaviors that had been conditioned, which they described as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) instinctive drift 
B) behavioral reversion 
C) the self-intrinsic effect 
D) inconclusive conditioning 
A) instinctive drift 
B) behavioral reversion 
C) the self-intrinsic effect 
D) inconclusive conditioning

Question 8

How does the presence of other people alter performance?

Accepted Answer

A) It causes the extinction of the performance of a simple task and facilitates that of a complex task. 
B) It causes the extinction of the performance of a complex task and facilitates that of a simple task. 
C) It enhances the performance of a simple task but hinders that of a complex task. 
D) It enhances the performance of a complex task but hinders that of a simple task. 
A) It causes the extinction of the performance of a simple task and facilitates that of a complex task. 
B) It causes the extinction of the performance of a complex task and facilitates that of a simple task. 
C) It enhances the performance of a simple task but hinders that of a complex task. 
D) It enhances the performance of a complex task but hinders that of a simple task.

Question 9

The process of associating a behavior with its consequences is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) habituative learning 
B) nonassociative learning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) operant conditioning 
A) habituative learning 
B) nonassociative learning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) operant conditioning

Question 10

Derek is frustrated that his 1 ½-year-old dog does not let him know when he needs to go outside to urinate. Sometimes he comes home to find a mess near the door. Which training method is most likely to be successful?

Accepted Answer

A) Derek takes his dog outside on a fixed schedule and gives him a treat when they return to the house, whether he urinated or not. 
B) Derek takes his dog over to the mess, puts the dog's nose near it so he smells it, and tells him "bad dog, don't do this again!" 
C) If Derek comes home and finds a mess by the door, he ignores his dog for an hour. 
D) Derek takes his dog outside on a fixed schedule and promptly gives him a treat for urinating outside. 
A) Derek takes his dog outside on a fixed schedule and gives him a treat when they return to the house, whether he urinated or not. 
B) Derek takes his dog over to the mess, puts the dog's nose near it so he smells it, and tells him "bad dog, don't do this again!" 
C) If Derek comes home and finds a mess by the door, he ignores his dog for an hour. 
D) Derek takes his dog outside on a fixed schedule and promptly gives him a treat for urinating outside.

Question 11

What type of reinforcement schedule depends on the number of times a behavior occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) a ratio schedule of partial reinforcement 
B) a variable schedule of partial reinforcement 
C) a fixed schedule of partial reinforcement 
D) an interval schedule of partial reinforcement 
A) a ratio schedule of partial reinforcement 
B) a variable schedule of partial reinforcement 
C) a fixed schedule of partial reinforcement 
D) an interval schedule of partial reinforcement

Question 12

Why is the process of sensitization advantageous?

Accepted Answer

A) It improves fixed action patterns. 
B) It improves reaction time. 
C) It improves cognition. 
D) It facilitates adaptation. 
A) It improves fixed action patterns. 
B) It improves reaction time. 
C) It improves cognition. 
D) It facilitates adaptation.

Question 13

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement occurs after a set number of behaviors is called a ____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed interval 
B) concrete interval 
C) fixed ratio 
D) concrete ratio 
A) fixed interval 
B) concrete interval 
C) fixed ratio 
D) concrete ratio

Question 14

Which of the following behavioral changes best illustrates the process of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Evan, age 2 months, just started to smile at his parents. 
B) Daniel, age 36, sees an attractive woman, which causes his pupils to dilate. 
C) Claire, age 8, practices treading water so that she will be allowed to swim in her grandmother's swimming pool. 
D) Nathan, age 11, quickly withdrawals his hand from the hot oven as the heat begins to burn his skin. 
A) Evan, age 2 months, just started to smile at his parents. 
B) Daniel, age 36, sees an attractive woman, which causes his pupils to dilate. 
C) Claire, age 8, practices treading water so that she will be allowed to swim in her grandmother's swimming pool. 
D) Nathan, age 11, quickly withdrawals his hand from the hot oven as the heat begins to burn his skin.

Question 15

After a stressful day of work, Randi often makes small burn marks on her inner arm with a cigarette; which she feels helps to relieve her stress and anxiety. This type of behavior is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) positive punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive reinforcement 
D) negative punishment 
A) positive punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive reinforcement 
D) negative punishment

Question 16

What is true of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) It involves either voluntary or involuntary behaviors depending on the response state. 
B) It involves either voluntary or involuntary behaviors depending on the stimulus. 
C) It generally involves involuntary behaviors. 
D) It generally involves voluntary behaviors. 
A) It involves either voluntary or involuntary behaviors depending on the response state. 
B) It involves either voluntary or involuntary behaviors depending on the stimulus. 
C) It generally involves involuntary behaviors. 
D) It generally involves voluntary behaviors.

Question 17

Eli is afraid of bees, and has been ever since he was nearly stung by one a few months ago. Lately, his father has been very distressed to see that Eli is now afraid of any flying insect, even tiny ones like gnats. The fact that Eli gets terribly afraid and runs to another room whenever he sees a flying "bug" demonstrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) inhibition 
C) acquisition 
D) discrimination 
A) generalization 
B) inhibition 
C) acquisition 
D) discrimination

Question 18

The formation of associations between two stimuli, which occur sequentially in time, is referred to as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) observational conditioning 
D) associative conditioning 
A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) observational conditioning 
D) associative conditioning

Question 19

The rats involved in Skinner's research boxes learned to press levers for food through the process of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) shaping 
B) latent learning 
C) cognitive mapping 
D) chaining 
A) shaping 
B) latent learning 
C) cognitive mapping 
D) chaining

Question 20

Which process below is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience?

Accepted Answer

A) learning 
B) fixed action pattern 
C) reflex 
D) variable action pattern 
A) learning 
B) fixed action pattern 
C) reflex 
D) variable action pattern

What is true of latent inhibition?

Sara allows her dog, Isabel, to run freely at a local park. When a truck drives by and its engine backfires loudly, Isabel quickly jumps up on her hind legs and barks loudly. Isabel's response illustrates ____.

Which condition is characterized by a lack of back-and-forth imitation of gestures and facial expressions during infancy and deficits in empathy and social skills later in life?

A consequence that eliminates or reduces the frequency of a behavior by applying an aversive stimulus is referred to as ____.

Lucia, who experiences extreme anxiety when taking an exam, practices meditation breathing to reduce her anxiety prior to taking a test. Her meditation breathing is an example of ____.

What delays the process of extinction?

The Brelands concluded that animals' strong instinctive behaviors predominated over behaviors that had been conditioned, which they described as ____.

How does the presence of other people alter performance?

The process of associating a behavior with its consequences is known as ____.

Derek is frustrated that his 1 ½-year-old dog does not let him know when he needs to go outside to urinate. Sometimes he comes home to find a mess near the door. Which training method is most likely to be successful?

What type of reinforcement schedule depends on the number of times a behavior occurs?

Why is the process of sensitization advantageous?

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement occurs after a set number of behaviors is called a ____ schedule.

Which of the following behavioral changes best illustrates the process of learning?

After a stressful day of work, Randi often makes small burn marks on her inner arm with a cigarette; which she feels helps to relieve her stress and anxiety. This type of behavior is an example of ____.

What is true of operant conditioning?

The formation of associations between two stimuli, which occur sequentially in time, is referred to as ____.

The rats involved in Skinner's research boxes learned to press levers for food through the process of ____.

Which process below is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience?

The Science of Mind: the Discipline of Psychology

The Measure of Mind: Methods of Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Nature and Nurture Intertwined

The Biological Mind: the Physical Basis of Behavior

The Perceiving Mind: Sensation and Perception

The Aware Mind: Elements of Consciousness

The Developing Mind: Life-Span Development

The Knowing Mind: Memory

The Thinking Mind: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

The Feeling Mind: Motivation and Emotion

The Individual Mind: Personality and the Self

The Connected Mind: Social Psychology

The Troubled Mind: Psychological Disorders

Healing the Troubled Mind: Therapy

The Healthy Mind: Stress and Coping, Health Psychology, and Positive Psychology

Filters

Exam 8: The Adaptive Mind: Learning

What is true of latent inhibition?

Sara allows her dog, Isabel, to run freely at a local park. When a truck drives by and its engine backfires loudly, Isabel quickly jumps up on her hind legs and barks loudly. Isabel's response illustrates ____.

Which condition is characterized by a lack of back-and-forth imitation of gestures and facial expressions during infancy and deficits in empathy and social skills later in life?

A consequence that eliminates or reduces the frequency of a behavior by applying an aversive stimulus is referred to as ____.

Lucia, who experiences extreme anxiety when taking an exam, practices meditation breathing to reduce her anxiety prior to taking a test. Her meditation breathing is an example of ____.

What delays the process of extinction?

The Brelands concluded that animals' strong instinctive behaviors predominated over behaviors that had been conditioned, which they described as ____.

How does the presence of other people alter performance?

The process of associating a behavior with its consequences is known as ____.

Derek is frustrated that his 1 ½-year-old dog does not let him know when he needs to go outside to urinate. Sometimes he comes home to find a mess near the door. Which training method is most likely to be successful?

What type of reinforcement schedule depends on the number of times a behavior occurs?

Why is the process of sensitization advantageous?

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement occurs after a set number of behaviors is called a ____ schedule.

Which of the following behavioral changes best illustrates the process of learning?

After a stressful day of work, Randi often makes small burn marks on her inner arm with a cigarette; which she feels helps to relieve her stress and anxiety. This type of behavior is an example of ____.

What is true of operant conditioning?

The formation of associations between two stimuli, which occur sequentially in time, is referred to as ____.

The rats involved in Skinner's research boxes learned to press levers for food through the process of ____.

Which process below is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience?

The Science of Mind: the Discipline of Psychology

The Measure of Mind: Methods of Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Nature and Nurture Intertwined

The Biological Mind: the Physical Basis of Behavior

The Perceiving Mind: Sensation and Perception

The Aware Mind: Elements of Consciousness

The Developing Mind: Life-Span Development

The Knowing Mind: Memory

The Thinking Mind: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

The Feeling Mind: Motivation and Emotion

The Individual Mind: Personality and the Self

The Connected Mind: Social Psychology

The Troubled Mind: Psychological Disorders

Healing the Troubled Mind: Therapy

The Healthy Mind: Stress and Coping, Health Psychology, and Positive Psychology

Filters