Exam 8: The Adaptive Mind: Learning

A schedule of partial reinforcement in which reinforcement occurs after a fluctuating number of behaviors is called a(n)____ schedule.

Nick wants to encourage his 6-year-old daughter, Anna, to help with family chores. He makes an outline of a rainbow with seven bands so that Anna can color in a band each time she does a chore. If she does seven chores in a week, coloring in the full rainbow, she gets $1. Nick's technique demonstrates which methods?

Which of the following methods of behavior modification adheres to the Premack Principle?

Tim, who suffers from alcoholism, is prescribed disulfiram by his doctor to help him halt his alcohol consumption. Disulfiram works by causing unpleasant physiological effects when even small amounts of alcohol are consumed. This type of treatment is best described as ____.

When Roxie the dog was a puppy, she would jump excitedly on anyone who entered the house; receiving praise for her actions. Now that Roxie weighs 65 pounds, Roxie's owner has asked everyone who enters the house to ignore the dog until she settles down. This scenario illustrates the use of ____.

Learning that involves changes in the magnitude of responses to a specific stimulus is referred to as ____ learning. This type of learning does not involve the formation of connections between stimuli.

Which of the following approaches would B. F. Skinner recommend to reduce an undesirable behavior?

Based on the work of Richard Dawkins, the basic unit of cultural transmission is known as a(n)____.

Jenna, who is recovering from drug addiction, attends counseling sessions so that she will no longer associate the sight of a needle and syringe with an expected drug effect. During the counseling sessions, Jenna handles a syringe without receiving any drugs as her counselor pairs a new signal with the sight of the syringe: a favorite song of Jenna's. The method used here illustrates the use of ____.

Which of the following statements describes a belief of the early behaviorists?

A schedule of partial reinforcement in which the first response after a specified period of time will be reinforced is called a ____ schedule.

Tim would like to stop drinking alcohol, but he is finding it difficult to resist the urge to drink when he meets up with friends. Tim's therapist assures him that if he can resist the urge to drink during these social events, his cravings for alcohol will diminish even further, eventually fading away. What process is Tim's therapist describing?

Keller and Marion Breland, two of B. F. Skinner's former students who used operant conditioning to train animals for entertainment, encountered ____.

Which of the following is an example of a fixed ratio schedule of partial reinforcement?

Peter's mother normally arrives home from work in a terrible mood, causing Peter extreme anxiety. However, when Peter sees that his mother is wearing sweat pants, Peter feels at ease, knowing that she has been home from work for a while. Peter's recognition that the sweatpants indicate no reason to feel anxious illustrates ____.

Learning in which stimuli associated with a conditioned stimulus also elicit conditioned responding is called ____.

A schedule of partial reinforcement in which the first response after a changing, or non-fixed, period of time is reinforced is called a(n)____ schedule.

Which process best illustrates the effect of development stages on the interaction between instinct and learning?

Which of the following is an advantage of observational learning?

What was a key implication of Garcia and Koelling's classic taste aversion studies?