Question 1

Which of the following is not a central feature of the classical experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  variables 
B)  time order 
C)  concepts 
D)  groups 
A)  variables 
B)  time order 
C)  concepts 
D)  groups C

Question 2

The threat of is a concern any time the researcher begins with subjects who exhibit extreme values on the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

In social scientific experiments, as in medical experiments, the danger of experimenter bias is further reduced to the extent that the operational definitions of the dependent variables are:

Accepted Answer

A)  clear and precise 
B)  controlled 
C)  tested and retested 
D)  scientifically proven 
A)  clear and precise 
B)  controlled 
C)  tested and retested 
D)  scientifically proven A

Question 4

Time-series designs and case studies are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  nonparametic designs 
B)  case-oriented research 
C)  variable-oriented research 
D)  scientific realism 
A)  nonparametic designs 
B)  case-oriented research 
C)  variable-oriented research 
D)  scientific realism

Question 5

When there is a study of a large number of variables that are associated with a small number of cases or subjects, the researcher is engaged in ____________________ research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When there is a study of a...

Question 6

Feelings of deprivation among the control group may also result in subjects giving up; this is called

Accepted Answer

A)  demoralization 
B)  compensatory rivalry 
C)  experimental mortality 
D)  selection bias 
A)  demoralization 
B)  compensatory rivalry 
C)  experimental mortality 
D)  selection bias

Question 7

Which of the following would be an example of experimental mortality?

Accepted Answer

A)  a subject deciding that he/she wants to participate 
B)  inmates in an experiment at the state maximum-security prison being moved to a minimum-security state prison 
C)  police officers within one year of retirement participating in a job-satisfaction study 
D)  police officers changing their behavior during a study because of a new law that was passed 
A)  a subject deciding that he/she wants to participate 
B)  inmates in an experiment at the state maximum-security prison being moved to a minimum-security state prison 
C)  police officers within one year of retirement participating in a job-satisfaction study 
D)  police officers changing their behavior during a study because of a new law that was passed

Question 8

How many attributes does a dichotomous variable have?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  4 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  4

Question 9

In Martin Gill's research on the effectiveness of CCTV projects in the UK, which of the following techniques did he use?

Accepted Answer

A)  the research measured fear of crime by citizens before and after the cameras went up 
B)  the research measured police data before the cameras went up 
C)  comparison was made only in the area where cameras were in use 
D)  the research measured if the offenders changed the type of crimes they were committing 
A)  the research measured fear of crime by citizens before and after the cameras went up 
B)  the research measured police data before the cameras went up 
C)  comparison was made only in the area where cameras were in use 
D)  the research measured if the offenders changed the type of crimes they were committing

Question 10

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  some subjects are older than others 
B)  as people grow and change, results can be impacted 
C)  only subjects over the age of 21 are mature enough to be part of an experiment 
D)  none of the above 
A)  some subjects are older than others 
B)  as people grow and change, results can be impacted 
C)  only subjects over the age of 21 are mature enough to be part of an experiment 
D)  none of the above

Question 11

Experimentation is best suited for hypothesis testing in:

Accepted Answer

A)  explanatory studies 
B)  evaluation studies 
C)  physical studies 
D)  both explanatory and evaluation studies 
A)  explanatory studies 
B)  evaluation studies 
C)  physical studies 
D)  both explanatory and evaluation studies

Question 12

Accidental spillover of an experimental stimulus to the control group is an example of treatment ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Accidental spillover of an experimental stimulus to...

Question 13

The central features of what experiment type include (1) independent and dependent variables, (2) pretesting and posttesting, and (3) experimental and control groups created through random assignment?

Accepted Answer

A)  casual experiments 
B)  statistical experiments 
C)  classical experiments 
D)  cardinal experiments 
A)  casual experiments 
B)  statistical experiments 
C)  classical experiments 
D)  cardinal experiments

Question 14

What can help rule out the threats to internal validity in an experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  proper selection and assignment of subjects to groups 
B)  large sample size 
C)  small sample size 
D)  nothing can rule out threats to internal validity 
A)  proper selection and assignment of subjects to groups 
B)  large sample size 
C)  small sample size 
D)  nothing can rule out threats to internal validity

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  nonequivalent-groups and time-series designs are two general types of quasi-experiments 
B)  experiments and time-series designs are two general types of quasi-experiments 
C)  all research purposes are amenable to the use of experimental designs 
D)  all of the above are true 
A)  nonequivalent-groups and time-series designs are two general types of quasi-experiments 
B)  experiments and time-series designs are two general types of quasi-experiments 
C)  all research purposes are amenable to the use of experimental designs 
D)  all of the above are true

Question 16

You have just completed the LSAT and scored 112. Your roommate who is no smarter than you took the LSAT with you and scored 165. You were so upset with your score that you decided to take the test again and you convinced your roommate to take it with you for moral support. You both received scores on the second exam of 150. What accounted for the differences in scores?

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical regression 
B)  testing 
C)  instrumentation 
D)  maturation 
A)  statistical regression 
B)  testing 
C)  instrumentation 
D)  maturation

Question 17

What process is accomplished by assigning the odd-numbered subjects to the experimental group and the even-numbered subjects to the control group?

Accepted Answer

A)  basic scientific theory 
B)  independent relation 
C)  false positive evaluation 
D)  random assignment 
A)  basic scientific theory 
B)  independent relation 
C)  false positive evaluation 
D)  random assignment

Question 18

____________________ refers to the ability to take findings from an experiment and apply them to the real world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ refers to the ability to take...

Question 19

One threat to internal validity in criminal justice research that is not very significant is

Accepted Answer

A)  history, because few things happen on a grand scale that would impact criminal justice research 
B)  maturation, because criminal justice subjects are not in research studies long enough to mature 
C)  statistical regression, because subjects in the criminal justice system are likely to score lower than the mean anyway 
D)  the concern about the publication of the findings 
A)  history, because few things happen on a grand scale that would impact criminal justice research 
B)  maturation, because criminal justice subjects are not in research studies long enough to mature 
C)  statistical regression, because subjects in the criminal justice system are likely to score lower than the mean anyway 
D)  the concern about the publication of the findings

Question 20

When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group, the design is said to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional 
B)  double-blind 
C)  a blind experiment 
D)  of no value 
A)  cross-sectional 
B)  double-blind 
C)  a blind experiment 
D)  of no value

Which of the following is not a central feature of the classical experiment?

The threat of is a concern any time the researcher begins with subjects who exhibit extreme values on the dependent variable.

In social scientific experiments, as in medical experiments, the danger of experimenter bias is further reduced to the extent that the operational definitions of the dependent variables are:

Time-series designs and case studies are examples of

When there is a study of a large number of variables that are associated with a small number of cases or subjects, the researcher is engaged in ____________________ research.

Feelings of deprivation among the control group may also result in subjects giving up; this is called

Which of the following would be an example of experimental mortality?

How many attributes does a dichotomous variable have?

In Martin Gill's research on the effectiveness of CCTV projects in the UK, which of the following techniques did he use?

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to:

Experimentation is best suited for hypothesis testing in:

Accidental spillover of an experimental stimulus to the control group is an example of treatment ____________________.

The central features of what experiment type include (1) independent and dependent variables, (2) pretesting and posttesting, and (3) experimental and control groups created through random assignment?

What can help rule out the threats to internal validity in an experimental design?

Which of the following statements is true?

What process is accomplished by assigning the odd-numbered subjects to the experimental group and the even-numbered subjects to the control group?

____________________ refers to the ability to take findings from an experiment and apply them to the real world.

One threat to internal validity in criminal justice research that is not very significant is

When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group, the design is said to be:

Crime Criminal Justice and Scientific Inquiry

Foundations of Criminal Justice Research

Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

General Issues in Research Design

Concepts Operationalization and Measurement

Measuring Crime

Sampling

Survey Research

Qualitative Interviewing

Field Observation

Agency Records Content Analysis and Secondary Data

Evaluation Research and Problem Analysis

Interpreting Data

Filters

Exam 7: Experimental and Quasi Experimental Designs

Which of the following is not a central feature of the classical experiment?

The threat of is a concern any time the researcher begins with subjects who exhibit extreme values on the dependent variable.

In social scientific experiments, as in medical experiments, the danger of experimenter bias is further reduced to the extent that the operational definitions of the dependent variables are:

Time-series designs and case studies are examples of

When there is a study of a large number of variables that are associated with a small number of cases or subjects, the researcher is engaged in ____________________ research.

Feelings of deprivation among the control group may also result in subjects giving up; this is called

Which of the following would be an example of experimental mortality?

How many attributes does a dichotomous variable have?

In Martin Gill's research on the effectiveness of CCTV projects in the UK, which of the following techniques did he use?

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to:

Experimentation is best suited for hypothesis testing in:

Accidental spillover of an experimental stimulus to the control group is an example of treatment ____________________.

The central features of what experiment type include (1) independent and dependent variables, (2) pretesting and posttesting, and (3) experimental and control groups created through random assignment?

What can help rule out the threats to internal validity in an experimental design?

Which of the following statements is true?

What process is accomplished by assigning the odd-numbered subjects to the experimental group and the even-numbered subjects to the control group?

____________________ refers to the ability to take findings from an experiment and apply them to the real world.

One threat to internal validity in criminal justice research that is not very significant is

When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group, the design is said to be:

Crime Criminal Justice and Scientific Inquiry

Foundations of Criminal Justice Research

Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

General Issues in Research Design

Concepts Operationalization and Measurement

Measuring Crime

Sampling

Survey Research

Qualitative Interviewing

Field Observation

Agency Records Content Analysis and Secondary Data

Evaluation Research and Problem Analysis

Interpreting Data

Filters