Question 1

The goal of the classical experiment is for the researcher to:

Accepted Answer

A)  have control over the dependent variable 
B)  have control over the independent variable 
C)  measure the effect the dependent variable has upon the independent variable 
D)  make sure the subjects in the control group get the independent variable and those in the experimental group do not 
A)  have control over the dependent variable 
B)  have control over the independent variable 
C)  measure the effect the dependent variable has upon the independent variable 
D)  make sure the subjects in the control group get the independent variable and those in the experimental group do not

Question 2

The first decision for selecting subjects for an experiment is:

Accepted Answer

A)  deciding how particular members of the target population will be selected 
B)  deciding on the target population 
C)  threats to internal validity 
D)  threats to external validity 
A)  deciding how particular members of the target population will be selected 
B)  deciding on the target population 
C)  threats to internal validity 
D)  threats to external validity

Question 3

The statement, "there are no simple formulas for designing an experimental or quasi-experimental study" suggests:

Accepted Answer

A)  that there is an infinite variety of ways to design a study 
B)  that there is a finite variety of ways to design a study 
C)  that the one constant is the use of randomization in experiments 
D)  experiments and quasi-experiments should be used only as a last resort 
A)  that there is an infinite variety of ways to design a study 
B)  that there is a finite variety of ways to design a study 
C)  that the one constant is the use of randomization in experiments 
D)  experiments and quasi-experiments should be used only as a last resort

Question 4

Construct validity is concerned with the ability to generalize from the results of the experimental group to the control group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

____________________ validity becomes an issue when findings are based on small samples of cases.

Accepted Answer

Statistica

Question 6

Which example below is not a random assignment to experimental groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  assign numbers to subjects, put corresponding numbers in a hat and pull out numbers, place the first subject in the experimental group and the second subject in the control group, and continue until all numbers are used 
B)  ask subjects whether they prefer to be in the experimental group or the control group, and then assign subjects based on their preference 
C)  flip a coin, assigning subjects getting a head to the control group and those getting a tail to the experimental group 
D)  use a random number generator after assigning numbers to your subjects 
A)  assign numbers to subjects, put corresponding numbers in a hat and pull out numbers, place the first subject in the experimental group and the second subject in the control group, and continue until all numbers are used 
B)  ask subjects whether they prefer to be in the experimental group or the control group, and then assign subjects based on their preference 
C)  flip a coin, assigning subjects getting a head to the control group and those getting a tail to the experimental group 
D)  use a random number generator after assigning numbers to your subjects

Question 7

All but which of the following are examples of double-blind studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  medical experiments where a new drug is tested; one group gets the new drug, the other gets a placebo, and the researcher does not know who got which drug 
B)  domestic violence studies where intervention is designed to reduce repeat offenses by focusing upon victim strategies when the victim does not know whether he or she is in the control or experimental group 
C)  any study where the researchers and the subjects do not know whether they are in the experimental or control groups 
D)  any study where the researchers know who is in the experimental and control groups but promise not to tell the subjects 
A)  medical experiments where a new drug is tested; one group gets the new drug, the other gets a placebo, and the researcher does not know who got which drug 
B)  domestic violence studies where intervention is designed to reduce repeat offenses by focusing upon victim strategies when the victim does not know whether he or she is in the control or experimental group 
C)  any study where the researchers and the subjects do not know whether they are in the experimental or control groups 
D)  any study where the researchers know who is in the experimental and control groups but promise not to tell the subjects

Question 8

Which of the following would be an example of selection bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  volunteers 
B)  random assignment to experimental and control groups 
C)  matching of experimental and comparison groups 
D)  making sure that the quotas are the same for the experimental and comparison groups with respect to important variables 
A)  volunteers 
B)  random assignment to experimental and control groups 
C)  matching of experimental and comparison groups 
D)  making sure that the quotas are the same for the experimental and comparison groups with respect to important variables

Question 9

Which of the following is not illustrative of the case-study method?

Accepted Answer

A)  it is an in-depth analysis of one or a few cases 
B)  the cases can be individuals, groups, organizations, or aggregates 
C)  the study can be both qualitative and quantitative 
D)  it is observing a group who has similar cases in the court systems 
A)  it is an in-depth analysis of one or a few cases 
B)  the cases can be individuals, groups, organizations, or aggregates 
C)  the study can be both qualitative and quantitative 
D)  it is observing a group who has similar cases in the court systems

Question 10

In criminal justice experiments, what serves as a guard against the effects of the experiments themselves as well as events that may occur outside the laboratory during the course of experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  variable groups 
B)  control groups 
C)  administrative groups 
D)  posttest groups 
A)  variable groups 
B)  control groups 
C)  administrative groups 
D)  posttest groups

Question 11

Which of the following statements is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  to guard against the "Hawthorne effect" in medical research, scientists will give a placebo to the experimental group 
B)  to guard against the "Hawthorne effect" in medical research, scientists will give the experimental group the independent variable 
C)  to guard against the "Hawthorne effect" in medical research, scientists will give a placebo to the control group 
D)  there is no way to guard against the "Hawthorne effect" in medical research 
A)  to guard against the "Hawthorne effect" in medical research, scientists will give a placebo to the experimental group 
B)  to guard against the "Hawthorne effect" in medical research, scientists will give the experimental group the independent variable 
C)  to guard against the "Hawthorne effect" in medical research, scientists will give a placebo to the control group 
D)  there is no way to guard against the "Hawthorne effect" in medical research

Question 12

Explain the classical experiment in terms of the following: 
 -Independent and dependent variables 
-Pretesting and posttesting 
-Experimental and control groups

Accepted Answer

The classical experiment involves manipu

Question 13

The threat to the internal validity of an experiment that is called compensatory treatment refers to which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  the control group subjects being paid while the experimental group subjects are not 
B)  the experimental group subjects being paid while the control group subjects are not 
C)  the subjects in the control group feel deprived of something they consider valuable 
D)  there is no threat to internal validity called compensatory treatment 
A)  the control group subjects being paid while the experimental group subjects are not 
B)  the experimental group subjects being paid while the control group subjects are not 
C)  the subjects in the control group feel deprived of something they consider valuable 
D)  there is no threat to internal validity called compensatory treatment

Question 14

______ are common examples of longitudinal studies in criminal justice research.

Accepted Answer

A)  Complex operations 
B)  Cross-sectionals 
C)  Time-series designs 
D)  Comparison designs 
A)  Complex operations 
B)  Cross-sectionals 
C)  Time-series designs 
D)  Comparison designs

Question 15

A questionnaire is sent to 1,000 police departments in Florida and gathers information on the number of sick days officers use after being involved in a shooting incident. This is an example of what type of research?

Accepted Answer

A)  variable-oriented research 
B)  case-oriented research 
C)  experimental design 
D)  cohort design 
A)  variable-oriented research 
B)  case-oriented research 
C)  experimental design 
D)  cohort design

Question 16

When it is not possible to create groups through randomization, what options do you have for the research design?

Accepted Answer

A)  a classical experiment 
B)  nonequivalent groups 
C)  surveys 
D)  pre- and posttests 
A)  a classical experiment 
B)  nonequivalent groups 
C)  surveys 
D)  pre- and posttests

Question 17

The classical experiment makes it possible to satisfy the criterion for cause in two ways. First, the posttest measures for the experimental group (stimulus present) are compared with those for the:

Accepted Answer

A)  control group (stimulus not present) 
B)  random group (stimulus not present) 
C)  variable group (stimulus not present) 
D)  none of the above 
A)  control group (stimulus not present) 
B)  random group (stimulus not present) 
C)  variable group (stimulus not present) 
D)  none of the above

Question 18

The defining feature of an experiment lies in the control of the independent variable by the experimenter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In an experiment, subjects are given a pretest in an effort to assess their attitudes about a new federal sentencing law that Congress is debating. Subjects assigned to the experimental group are given a series of lectures by experts on the impact the new law will have on prison populations. Immediately after the last lecture, a posttest is given to measure any attitude changes. Anticipating what the test is designed to measure (because of the lectures), those in the experimental group are subject to the threat of:

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion 
B)  statistical regression 
C)  instrumentation 
D)  testing 
A)  diffusion 
B)  statistical regression 
C)  instrumentation 
D)  testing

Question 20

Subjects in an experiment who receive the experimental treatment are part of the

Accepted Answer

A)  double-blind group 
B)  placebo group 
C)  experimental group 
D)  control group 
A)  double-blind group 
B)  placebo group 
C)  experimental group 
D)  control group

The goal of the classical experiment is for the researcher to:

The first decision for selecting subjects for an experiment is:

The statement, "there are no simple formulas for designing an experimental or quasi-experimental study" suggests:

Construct validity is concerned with the ability to generalize from the results of the experimental group to the control group.

____________________ validity becomes an issue when findings are based on small samples of cases.

Which example below is not a random assignment to experimental groups?

All but which of the following are examples of double-blind studies?

Which of the following would be an example of selection bias?

Which of the following is not illustrative of the case-study method?

In criminal justice experiments, what serves as a guard against the effects of the experiments themselves as well as events that may occur outside the laboratory during the course of experiments?

Which of the following statements is accurate?

Explain the classical experiment in terms of the following: -Independent and dependent variables -Pretesting and posttesting -Experimental and control groups

The threat to the internal validity of an experiment that is called compensatory treatment refers to which of the following situations?

______ are common examples of longitudinal studies in criminal justice research.

A questionnaire is sent to 1,000 police departments in Florida and gathers information on the number of sick days officers use after being involved in a shooting incident. This is an example of what type of research?

When it is not possible to create groups through randomization, what options do you have for the research design?

The classical experiment makes it possible to satisfy the criterion for cause in two ways. First, the posttest measures for the experimental group (stimulus present) are compared with those for the:

The defining feature of an experiment lies in the control of the independent variable by the experimenter.

Subjects in an experiment who receive the experimental treatment are part of the

Crime Criminal Justice and Scientific Inquiry

Foundations of Criminal Justice Research

Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

General Issues in Research Design

Concepts Operationalization and Measurement

Measuring Crime

Sampling

Survey Research

Qualitative Interviewing

Field Observation

Agency Records Content Analysis and Secondary Data

Evaluation Research and Problem Analysis

Interpreting Data

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Exam 7: Experimental and Quasi Experimental Designs

The goal of the classical experiment is for the researcher to:

The first decision for selecting subjects for an experiment is:

The statement, "there are no simple formulas for designing an experimental or quasi-experimental study" suggests:

Construct validity is concerned with the ability to generalize from the results of the experimental group to the control group.

____________________ validity becomes an issue when findings are based on small samples of cases.

Which example below is not a random assignment to experimental groups?

All but which of the following are examples of double-blind studies?

Which of the following would be an example of selection bias?

Which of the following is not illustrative of the case-study method?

In criminal justice experiments, what serves as a guard against the effects of the experiments themselves as well as events that may occur outside the laboratory during the course of experiments?

Which of the following statements is accurate?

Explain the classical experiment in terms of the following: -Independent and dependent variables -Pretesting and posttesting -Experimental and control groups

The threat to the internal validity of an experiment that is called compensatory treatment refers to which of the following situations?

______ are common examples of longitudinal studies in criminal justice research.

A questionnaire is sent to 1,000 police departments in Florida and gathers information on the number of sick days officers use after being involved in a shooting incident. This is an example of what type of research?

When it is not possible to create groups through randomization, what options do you have for the research design?

The classical experiment makes it possible to satisfy the criterion for cause in two ways. First, the posttest measures for the experimental group (stimulus present) are compared with those for the:

The defining feature of an experiment lies in the control of the independent variable by the experimenter.

Subjects in an experiment who receive the experimental treatment are part of the

Crime Criminal Justice and Scientific Inquiry

Foundations of Criminal Justice Research

Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

General Issues in Research Design

Concepts Operationalization and Measurement

Measuring Crime

Sampling

Survey Research

Qualitative Interviewing

Field Observation

Agency Records Content Analysis and Secondary Data

Evaluation Research and Problem Analysis

Interpreting Data

Filters