Question 1

Fossil evidence of ____ would be found in the deepest layers of Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  dinosaur 
B)  monkeys 
C)  frogs 
D)  bacteria 
E)  human 
A)  dinosaur 
B)  monkeys 
C)  frogs 
D)  bacteria 
E)  human D

Question 2

Lyell's theory of uniformity proposed that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Earth was shaped by gradual, repetitive change 
B)  catastrophic geological events caused extinctions 
C)  geologic events that occurred to shape Earth no longer occur 
D)  all populations produce more offspring than their environment can support 
E)  natural selection drives evolutionary change 
A)  Earth was shaped by gradual, repetitive change 
B)  catastrophic geological events caused extinctions 
C)  geologic events that occurred to shape Earth no longer occur 
D)  all populations produce more offspring than their environment can support 
E)  natural selection drives evolutionary change A

Question 3

The radioactive decay of an isotope can be best compared to a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  clock 
B)  radio 
C)  mp3 player 
D)  metronome 
E)  microwave oven 
A)  clock 
B)  radio 
C)  mp3 player 
D)  metronome 
E)  microwave oven A

Question 4

When a certain form of a trait increases the fitness of the individual, this allele will tend to ____ over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  affect the function of vestigial structures 
B)  lead to extinction of the population 
C)  be eliminated from the population 
D)  decrease in frequency in the population 
E)  increase in frequency in the population 
A)  affect the function of vestigial structures 
B)  lead to extinction of the population 
C)  be eliminated from the population 
D)  decrease in frequency in the population 
E)  increase in frequency in the population

Question 5

Match between columns
                        Premises: ruptures in Earth's crust where plates meet
Species represent links in a chain leading toward perfection.
where the advancing edge of one plate plows under an adjacent plate, buckling it
Unique catastrophic geological events altered the face of the Earth in the past.
c hange in the line of descent of a species
portions of Earth's outermost layer of rock, which move continents to new locations over geologic time
wells up at oceanic ridges and drives the movement of tectonic plates
these form as a plate moves across an undersea hot spot
Gradual geological changes have shaped the Earth.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of magma and great chain of being and is...

Question 6

Comparisons between the cytochrome b protein sequence in the honeycreeper versus the deer mouse and the Gough Island finch reveal 18 and 4 amino acid differences, respectively. Therefore, _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the honeycreeper is more closely related to the deer mouse 
B)  the honeycreeper and the Gough Island finch are the same species 
C)  the honeycreeper is more closely related to the Gough Island finch 
D)  no DNA mutations have occurred during the evolution of the honeycreeper 
E)  the DNA sequences of all three species are identical 
A)  the honeycreeper is more closely related to the deer mouse 
B)  the honeycreeper and the Gough Island finch are the same species 
C)  the honeycreeper is more closely related to the Gough Island finch 
D)  no DNA mutations have occurred during the evolution of the honeycreeper 
E)  the DNA sequences of all three species are identical

Question 7

Lyell's ideas that gradual, everyday geologic processes had shaped Earth challenged the prevailing estimate of Earth's age at ____, because ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 billion years old; only catastrophic geologic events could sculpt Earth's surface 
B)  600 million years old; species needed millions of years to evolve 
C)  600,000 years old; nobody had observed the evolution of species 
D)  60,000 years old; geologic processes quickly change landscapes on Earth's surface 
E)  6,000 years old; such slow geologic processes would take millions of years to sculpt Earth's surface 
A)  6 billion years old; only catastrophic geologic events could sculpt Earth's surface 
B)  600 million years old; species needed millions of years to evolve 
C)  600,000 years old; nobody had observed the evolution of species 
D)  60,000 years old; geologic processes quickly change landscapes on Earth's surface 
E)  6,000 years old; such slow geologic processes would take millions of years to sculpt Earth's surface

Question 8

The Kaibab limestone layer of sedimentary rock is the closest to Earth's surface; therefore, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  it contains fossils of extinct species only 
B)  it contains the greatest density of fossils 
C)  it is part of the K-Pg boundary sequence 
D)  it is the oldest layer 
E)  it is the youngest layer 
A)  it contains fossils of extinct species only 
B)  it contains the greatest density of fossils 
C)  it is part of the K-Pg boundary sequence 
D)  it is the oldest layer 
E)  it is the youngest layer

Question 9

Cactus spines are modified leaves adapted for dry climates, while the leaves of the Venus flytrap plant are adapted to capture insects. These structures are therefore ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  analogous 
B)  homologous 
C)  recessive 
D)  homozygous 
E)  morphogenic 
A)  analogous 
B)  homologous 
C)  recessive 
D)  homozygous 
E)  morphogenic

Question 10

A mass extinction in which the dinosaurs disappeared from Earth occurred approximately ____ years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  6600 
B)  66,000 
C)  660,000 
D)  66,000,000 
E)  660,000,000 
A)  6600 
B)  66,000 
C)  660,000 
D)  66,000,000 
E)  660,000,000

Question 11

The accumulating data from biogeography, comparative morphology, and fossil discoveries led early naturalists to propose that species ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  helped sculpt Earth's surface by foraging activities 
B)  are all evolutionarily related 
C)  had changed over time 
D)  never went extinct 
E)  were created in a perfect state 
A)  helped sculpt Earth's surface by foraging activities 
B)  are all evolutionarily related 
C)  had changed over time 
D)  never went extinct 
E)  were created in a perfect state

Question 12

Scientists have determined that this crater was created by a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  subsidence event 
B)  comet 
C)  asteroid 
D)  volcanic eruption 
E)  earthquake 
A)  subsidence event 
B)  comet 
C)  asteroid 
D)  volcanic eruption 
E)  earthquake

Question 13

14  C is a radioisotope of carbon that decays into ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium 
B)  oxygen 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  sulfur 
A)  potassium 
B)  oxygen 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  sulfur

Question 14

Master genes that affect development tend to be highly ____; therefore, similarities in patterns of embryonic development reflect shared ancestry that can be evolutionarily ancient.

Accepted Answer

A)  homologous 
B)  degraded 
C)  conserved 
D)  mutated 
E)  related 
A)  homologous 
B)  degraded 
C)  conserved 
D)  mutated 
E)  related

Question 15

Studies of mitochondrial DNA among maternally related individuals allow recent____ to be identified.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations 
B)  genomes 
C)  master genes 
D)  amino acid sequences 
E)  lineages 
A)  mutations 
B)  genomes 
C)  master genes 
D)  amino acid sequences 
E)  lineages

Question 16

Bat wings, human forearms, elephant legs, and cat forelimbs are collectively referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  analogous structures 
B)  homologous structures 
C)  vestigial structures 
D)  homozygous structures 
E)  heterozygous structures 
A)  analogous structures 
B)  homologous structures 
C)  vestigial structures 
D)  homozygous structures 
E)  heterozygous structures

Question 17

All vertebrate embryos have _____ at some point during embryonic development, indicating a common evolutionary ancestor.

Accepted Answer

A)  analogous structures 
B)  four limb buds, a tail, and somites 
C)  two  limb buds and a tail 
D)  a backbone and four limb buds 
E)  back vertebrae, two limb buds, a tail and somites 
A)  analogous structures 
B)  four limb buds, a tail, and somites 
C)  two  limb buds and a tail 
D)  a backbone and four limb buds 
E)  back vertebrae, two limb buds, a tail and somites

Question 18

After the publication of On the Origin of Species , the idea of evolution was generally accepted. What part of Darwin's theory of evolution, however, was fiercely debated?

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection 
B)  environmental change 
C)  gradual change 
D)  the old age of the Earth 
E)  limited resources 
A)  natural selection 
B)  environmental change 
C)  gradual change 
D)  the old age of the Earth 
E)  limited resources

Question 19

Which early naturalist is known for describing nature as a continuum of organization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darwin 
B)  Plato 
C)  Mendel 
D)  Galileo 
E)  Aristotle 
A)  Darwin 
B)  Plato 
C)  Mendel 
D)  Galileo 
E)  Aristotle

Question 20

Typically, where would the oldest fossils be found?

Accepted Answer

A)  superficial layer of the Earth 
B)  deep layer of the Earth 
C)  on the ocean floor 
D)  in lake beds 
E)  on mountaintops 
A)  superficial layer of the Earth 
B)  deep layer of the Earth 
C)  on the ocean floor 
D)  in lake beds 
E)  on mountaintops

Exam 12: Evidence of Evolution

Fossil evidence of ____ would be found in the deepest layers of Earth.

Lyell's theory of uniformity proposed that ____.

The radioactive decay of an isotope can be best compared to a ____.

When a certain form of a trait increases the fitness of the individual, this allele will tend to ____ over time.

Comparisons between the cytochrome b protein sequence in the honeycreeper versus the deer mouse and the Gough Island finch reveal 18 and 4 amino acid differences, respectively. Therefore, _____.

Lyell's ideas that gradual, everyday geologic processes had shaped Earth challenged the prevailing estimate of Earth's age at ____, because ____.

The Kaibab limestone layer of sedimentary rock is the closest to Earth's surface; therefore, ____.

Cactus spines are modified leaves adapted for dry climates, while the leaves of the Venus flytrap plant are adapted to capture insects. These structures are therefore ____.

A mass extinction in which the dinosaurs disappeared from Earth occurred approximately ____ years ago.

The accumulating data from biogeography, comparative morphology, and fossil discoveries led early naturalists to propose that species ____.

Scientists have determined that this crater was created by a(n) ____.

14 C is a radioisotope of carbon that decays into ____.

Master genes that affect development tend to be highly ____; therefore, similarities in patterns of embryonic development reflect shared ancestry that can be evolutionarily ancient.

Studies of mitochondrial DNA among maternally related individuals allow recent____ to be identified.

Bat wings, human forearms, elephant legs, and cat forelimbs are collectively referred to as _____.

All vertebrate embryos have _____ at some point during embryonic development, indicating a common evolutionary ancestor.

After the publication of On the Origin of Species , the idea of evolution was generally accepted. What part of Darwin's theory of evolution, however, was fiercely debated?

Which early naturalist is known for describing nature as a continuum of organization?

Typically, where would the oldest fossils be found?

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

Gene Expression and Control

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Filters

Lyell's ideas that gradual, everyday geologic processes had shaped Earth challenged the prevailing estimate of Earth's age at , because .

¹⁴ C is a radioisotope of carbon that decays into ____.