Question 1

Natural selection drives changes in allele frequencies by influencing traits with a ____ basis.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic 
B)  nongenetic 
C)  asexual 
D)  lethal 
E)  intermediate 
A)  genetic 
B)  nongenetic 
C)  asexual 
D)  lethal 
E)  intermediate A

Question 2

One hallmark of speciation is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of change in reproductive behaviors 
B)  a decrease in balanced polymorphisms 
C)  an increase in fixed alleles 
D)  decreased genetic diversity of populations 
E)  end of gene flow between populations 
A)  lack of change in reproductive behaviors 
B)  a decrease in balanced polymorphisms 
C)  an increase in fixed alleles 
D)  decreased genetic diversity of populations 
E)  end of gene flow between populations E

Question 3

Individuals, such as veterinarians, who work closely with farm animals treated with antibiotics tend to carry ____ as a result.

Accepted Answer

A)  lethal bacteria 
B)  bacteria vulnerable to all antibiotics 
C)  bacteria vulnerable to some antibiotics 
D)  bacteria resistant to Flavomycin→ but not vancomycin 
E)  more antibiotic-resistant bacteria 
A)  lethal bacteria 
B)  bacteria vulnerable to all antibiotics 
C)  bacteria vulnerable to some antibiotics 
D)  bacteria resistant to Flavomycin→ but not vancomycin 
E)  more antibiotic-resistant bacteria E

Question 4

In 2000, 87 percent of the wild rat populations in Stadtlohn, Germany, was resistant to the poison bromadiolone. This indicates that ____was/were commonly used as rat poison(s) here, and the rat's resistance is an example of ____ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  warfarin; directional 
B)  bromadiolone; directional 
C)  both warfarin and bromadiolone; disruptive 
D)  neither warfarin nor bromadiolone; stabilizing 
E)  bromadiolone; disruptive 
A)  warfarin; directional 
B)  bromadiolone; directional 
C)  both warfarin and bromadiolone; disruptive 
D)  neither warfarin nor bromadiolone; stabilizing 
E)  bromadiolone; disruptive

Question 5

Natural selection in the cichlid fish species of Lake Victoria occurred via ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction 
B)  phylogeny 
C)  cladistics 
D)  macroevolution 
E)  microevolution 
A)  extinction 
B)  phylogeny 
C)  cladistics 
D)  macroevolution 
E)  microevolution

Question 6

In sexually reproducing species, genetic variations are not passed onto offspring via ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation 
B)  crossing over 
C)  independent assortment 
D)  fertilization 
E)  mitosis 
A)  mutation 
B)  crossing over 
C)  independent assortment 
D)  fertilization 
E)  mitosis

Question 7

____ increases the frequency of adaptive mutations in a population over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fitness 
B)  Natural selection 
C)  Artificial selection 
D)  Adaptive radiation 
E)  Macroevolution 
A)  Fitness 
B)  Natural selection 
C)  Artificial selection 
D)  Adaptive radiation 
E)  Macroevolution

Question 8

How are new combinations of alleles introduced into chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  independent assortment in meiosis I 
B)  crossing over in meiosis I 
C)  breeding between the dominant individuals in the population 
D)  breeding between the recessive individuals in the population 
E)  independent assortment at meiosis II 
A)  independent assortment in meiosis I 
B)  crossing over in meiosis I 
C)  breeding between the dominant individuals in the population 
D)  breeding between the recessive individuals in the population 
E)  independent assortment at meiosis II

Question 9

A 2013 investigation found "worrisome" amounts of ____ in 97  percent  of the chicken meat in stores across the United States.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria 
B)  antibiotics 
C)  viruses 
D)  vancomycin 
E)  DNA 
A)  bacteria 
B)  antibiotics 
C)  viruses 
D)  vancomycin 
E)  DNA

Question 10

A cladogram can be viewed as "sets within sets" of derived traits. Which features distinguish the clade containing mice and humans from the other clades in this cladogram?

Accepted Answer

A)  multicellular with legs 
B)  multicellular with hair 
C)  multicellular with a backbone 
D)  multicellular 
E)  multicellular with a backbone, legs , and hair 
A)  multicellular with legs 
B)  multicellular with hair 
C)  multicellular with a backbone 
D)  multicellular 
E)  multicellular with a backbone, legs , and hair

Question 11

Exposure of wild rat populations to warfarin led to the evolution of warfarin-resistant rats. These rats had a mutated version of the VKORC1 gene, indicating that ____ had occurred in these resistant rat populations.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction 
B)  stabilizing selection 
C)  microevolution 
D)  macroevolution 
E)  artificial selection 
A)  extinction 
B)  stabilizing selection 
C)  microevolution 
D)  macroevolution 
E)  artificial selection

Question 12

The movement of alleles among populations is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  bottleneck 
B)  mutation 
C)  founder effect 
D)  gene flow 
E)  genetic drift 
A)  bottleneck 
B)  mutation 
C)  founder effect 
D)  gene flow 
E)  genetic drift

Question 13

Hawaiian honeycreepers exhibit diverse beaks that allow them to feed on insects, flowers, and seeds in their different habitats. This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a derived trait 
B)  convergent evolution 
C)  morphological convergence 
D)  morphological divergence 
E)  a key innovation 
A)  a derived trait 
B)  convergent evolution 
C)  morphological convergence 
D)  morphological divergence 
E)  a key innovation

Question 14

A random change in allele frequency over time that is brought about by chance alone is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic drift 
B)  gene flow 
C)  natural selection 
D)  disruptive selection 
E)  balanced polymorphism 
A)  genetic drift 
B)  gene flow 
C)  natural selection 
D)  disruptive selection 
E)  balanced polymorphism

Question 15

What is one result of the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  balanced alleles 
B)  heterozygosity 
C)  decreased genetic diversity 
D)  disruptive selection 
E)  random mating 
A)  balanced alleles 
B)  heterozygosity 
C)  decreased genetic diversity 
D)  disruptive selection 
E)  random mating

Question 16

The fastest lions are able to catch prey, such as zebras; similarly, the fastest zebras are able to escape predatory lions. Over time, the lion and zebra populations become composed of faster and faster individuals. This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism 
B)  competition 
C)  coevolution 
D)  disruptive selection 
E)  sexual selection 
A)  mutualism 
B)  competition 
C)  coevolution 
D)  disruptive selection 
E)  sexual selection

Question 17

A ____ is a structural modification that enables an individual to exploit his or her habitat more efficiently.

Accepted Answer

A)  key innovation 
B)  mutation 
C)  morphological convergence 
D)  morphological divergence 
E)  homologous structure 
A)  key innovation 
B)  mutation 
C)  morphological convergence 
D)  morphological divergence 
E)  homologous structure

Question 18

When a physical barrier separates a population, leading to the evolution of new species on either side of the barrier, ____ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  sympatric speciation 
B)  allopatric speciation 
C)  directional selection 
D)  ecological isolation 
E)  behavioral isolation 
A)  sympatric speciation 
B)  allopatric speciation 
C)  directional selection 
D)  ecological isolation 
E)  behavioral isolation

Question 19

In a population of rabbits, those able to outrun predators will survive to reproduce, eventually leading to a population of faster rabbits. This is an example of ____ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  directional 
B)  stabilizing 
C)  disruptive 
D)  mutational 
E)  restricted 
A)  directional 
B)  stabilizing 
C)  disruptive 
D)  mutational 
E)  restricted

Question 20

The migratory patterns of many animals encourage ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a bottleneck 
B)  mutation 
C)  a founder effect 
D)  gene flow 
E)  genetic drift 
A)  a bottleneck 
B)  mutation 
C)  a founder effect 
D)  gene flow 
E)  genetic drift

Exam 13: Processes of Evolution

Natural selection drives changes in allele frequencies by influencing traits with a ____ basis.

One hallmark of speciation is ____.

Individuals, such as veterinarians, who work closely with farm animals treated with antibiotics tend to carry ____ as a result.

In 2000, 87 percent of the wild rat populations in Stadtlohn, Germany, was resistant to the poison bromadiolone. This indicates that ____was/were commonly used as rat poison(s) here, and the rat's resistance is an example of ____ selection.

Natural selection in the cichlid fish species of Lake Victoria occurred via ____.

In sexually reproducing species, genetic variations are not passed onto offspring via ____.

____ increases the frequency of adaptive mutations in a population over time.

How are new combinations of alleles introduced into chromosomes?

A 2013 investigation found "worrisome" amounts of ____ in 97 percent of the chicken meat in stores across the United States.

A cladogram can be viewed as "sets within sets" of derived traits. Which features distinguish the clade containing mice and humans from the other clades in this cladogram?

Exposure of wild rat populations to warfarin led to the evolution of warfarin-resistant rats. These rats had a mutated version of the VKORC1 gene, indicating that ____ had occurred in these resistant rat populations.

The movement of alleles among populations is called _____.

Hawaiian honeycreepers exhibit diverse beaks that allow them to feed on insects, flowers, and seeds in their different habitats. This is an example of ____.

A random change in allele frequency over time that is brought about by chance alone is known as ____.

What is one result of the bottleneck effect?

The fastest lions are able to catch prey, such as zebras; similarly, the fastest zebras are able to escape predatory lions. Over time, the lion and zebra populations become composed of faster and faster individuals. This is an example of ____.

A ____ is a structural modification that enables an individual to exploit his or her habitat more efficiently.

When a physical barrier separates a population, leading to the evolution of new species on either side of the barrier, ____ has occurred.

In a population of rabbits, those able to outrun predators will survive to reproduce, eventually leading to a population of faster rabbits. This is an example of ____ selection.

The migratory patterns of many animals encourage ____.

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

Gene Expression and Control

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Filters

In 2000, 87 percent of the wild rat populations in Stadtlohn, Germany, was resistant to the poison bromadiolone. This indicates that was/were commonly used as rat poison(s) here, and the rat's resistance is an example of selection.