Exam 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology

A doctor has completed a three-year research project on patients with dissociative fugue. She has decided the next step is to run correlational studies on her data. The doctor is doing this to

Rod believes that some college students are independent go-getters and that other college students are more dependent on family approval than on personal achievement. The former group seems to hold __________ values whereas the latter group holds __________ values.

Edward and his team develop architectural designs for university residence halls. The goal of their designs is to promote collaborative learning among students while maintaining a sense of individual privacy and comfort. To ensure his plans will meet his goals, Edward has most likely consulted with a(n)__________ psychologist.

Brad was having difficulty finding time to study. He went to a counselor and they talked about Brad's perceptions of his study habits. The counselor emphasized that it was Brad's decision about whether and when to study. She stressed that Brad was a resourceful person and would be able to solve his study problem. Brad's counselor was demonstrating the __________ approach.

Which statement is the best representation of the impact that Sigmund Freud has had?

At MacCutcheon University, Dr. West is studying how factors such as gender, ethnicity, and social class affect the attitudes of domestic students toward international students. This research is focusing on __________ variables.

For his sociology research paper, Sawyer would like to report descriptive statistics from his survey findings. In other words, the statistics Sawyer plans to report will

While relaxing in the park, Dilbert decides to read his new book on the study of positive psychology. This book will primarily focus on

One way to prevent experimenter bias is to be sure that the experimenter and the participants know nothing of who is receiving the experimental treatment and who is not. This is known as

A disadvantage most associated with the __________ research method is that people who know they are being studied may alter their normal behavior.

It has been said that laughter is the best medicine, but can research be done to substantiate or discredit this assertion? Imagine that you have been hired to find out if laughter is an effective treatment for the common cold. As you describe your experimental design, address the following questions: What are your independent and dependent variables? How will you operationally define your variables? Who will participate in your research, and how will you select them?

Which of the following beliefs would a collectivist society support?

Dr. Gillis has decided to use __________ in his research to guard against both experimenter bias and participant expectations.

Carla is a psychologist who studies the mental processes of people as they are presented information about new policies for environmental conservation. She studies how the new information is taken in, how it is processed, and how it changes people's perceptions of conservation methods. Carla most likely takes the __________ approach to psychology.

Dr. Bogart's research finds a correlation between frequency of kissing between spouses and the overall duration of their marriages. He finds that the less often they kiss, the fewer years they tend to remain married. You would most likely find Dr. Bogart's work reported in a journal that publishes research in __________ psychology.

Jerome does not seem to be able to hold a job, having repeatedly engaged in behaviors that sabotage his own success at work. His psychotherapist tells him that he may have some unconscious conflicts that result in a fear of success and that uncovering these issues will be important in their work together. Jerome's therapist most likely takes the __________ approach to psychology.

Calisha and Renata are discussing arsonists. Calisha has been reading the work of a __________ psychologist and believes that fire-setting behavior might be linked to hormonal imbalances. Renata has been reading the work of a __________ psychologist and believes that fire-setting is a behavior that is supported by group processes.

The early psychological model of functionalism, spearheaded by William James, was largely influenced by the earlier theory of ________.

Dr. Noyd conducted an experiment to determine whether talking to a psychiatrist made depressed people less depressed. He randomly divided participants who scored highly on a depressive inventory into two groups. Group A talked over their problems with a psychiatrist while Group B did nothing. He found that Group A showed significantly more improvement in their depression than did Group B. In Dr. Noyd's experiment, the experimental group refers to

You tell your parents that you've decided to study psychology and hope to be a psychologist someday. They smile and tell you, "that is a great thing to be, but what is there to study? Everyone knows that psychology began and ended with the work of Freud!" If you wanted to teach your parents about some of the other early schools of thought in psychology, what information would you share?