Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of 3-year-olds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Three-year-olds tend to fail both the false-belief task and the false-photograph task. 
B)  Three-year-olds succeed on the false-photograph task but not the false-belief task because they do not need to think about others' minds. 
C)  Three-year-olds succeed on the false-belief task but not the false-photograph task because they are able to think about others' minds. 
D)  Three-year-olds tend to pass both the false-belief and the false-photograph test. 
A)  Three-year-olds tend to fail both the false-belief task and the false-photograph task. 
B)  Three-year-olds succeed on the false-photograph task but not the false-belief task because they do not need to think about others' minds. 
C)  Three-year-olds succeed on the false-belief task but not the false-photograph task because they are able to think about others' minds. 
D)  Three-year-olds tend to pass both the false-belief and the false-photograph test.

Question 2

Gwen is interested in the extent to which her daughter understands others' beliefs.Describe two variations of the false-belief task that she could use to test her daughter's understanding.

Accepted Answer

Gwen could use the unexpected contents t

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only one's own experiences can affect their feelings of self-efficacy. 
B)  Observing peers' experience of success, but not failure, can affect the self-efficacy of the observer. 
C)  Observing peers' experience of failure, but not success, can affect the self-efficacy of the observer. 
D)  Observing peers' experience of success or failure can affect the self-efficacy of the observer. 
A)  Only one's own experiences can affect their feelings of self-efficacy. 
B)  Observing peers' experience of success, but not failure, can affect the self-efficacy of the observer. 
C)  Observing peers' experience of failure, but not success, can affect the self-efficacy of the observer. 
D)  Observing peers' experience of success or failure can affect the self-efficacy of the observer.

Question 4

Gretchen is curious about when her infant son will recognize himself in the mirror.When will this ability likely be evident?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 months of age 
B)  12 months of age 
C)  18 months of age 
D)  24 months of age 
A)  6 months of age 
B)  12 months of age 
C)  18 months of age 
D)  24 months of age

Question 5

Describe how beliefs about the role of socialization in the emergence of gender identity have changed in the last decade or so.

Accepted Answer

Gender identity was thought to be comple

Question 6

________ refers to the various ways individuals think about themselves and have distinct kinds of self-awareness.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conceptual self 
B)  Private self 
C)  Self-concept 
D)  Sense of self 
A)  Conceptual self 
B)  Private self 
C)  Self-concept 
D)  Sense of self

Question 7

Differentiate between fixed-trait theorists and incremental theorists.Describe how each type of theorist would interpret a low grade on an exam.

Accepted Answer

Fixed trait theorists think that their t

Question 8

Kayla failed her statistics exam.She believes this was a result of her not having studied enough.She believes that she can do better on the next exam if she studies.Kayla would be a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-trait theorist 
B)  fundamental theorist 
C)  incremental theorist 
D)  situational theorist 
A)  fixed-trait theorist 
B)  fundamental theorist 
C)  incremental theorist 
D)  situational theorist

Question 9

________ refers to our ability to control our emotions and actions and behave in ways that are appropriate for various circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-determination 
B)  Self-directance 
C)  Self-guidance 
D)  Self-regulation 
A)  Self-determination 
B)  Self-directance 
C)  Self-guidance 
D)  Self-regulation

Question 10

Kelley, an 18-month-old, does not yet understand that she has privileged experiences that no one else has access to.When will she likely start to develop a sense of private self?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 years of age 
B)  3 years of age 
C)  4 years of age 
D)  5 years of age 
A)  2 years of age 
B)  3 years of age 
C)  4 years of age 
D)  5 years of age

Question 11

Individuals with ________ have theory of mind deficits.

Accepted Answer

A)  anorexia 
B)  autism 
C)  bipolar disorder 
D)  bulimia 
A)  anorexia 
B)  autism 
C)  bipolar disorder 
D)  bulimia

Question 12

Miley believes that there are boy toys (for example, trucks) and girl toys (for example, dolls).When did she likely start to learn about gender-typical toys?

Accepted Answer

A)  18 months of age 
B)  2 years of age 
C)  3 years of age 
D)  4 years of age 
A)  18 months of age 
B)  2 years of age 
C)  3 years of age 
D)  4 years of age

Question 13

All of the following species have passed the mirror task EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  African gray parrots 
B)  bottle-nosed dolphins 
C)  chimpanzees 
D)  humans 
A)  African gray parrots 
B)  bottle-nosed dolphins 
C)  chimpanzees 
D)  humans

Question 14

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  children younger than 3½ view human beliefs as if people were all-knowing 
B)  before age 3½ children tend to think about beliefs as if they were desires 
C)  the unexpected contents task and the unexpected locations task are both false-belief tasks 
D)  there is consensus among scholars that the false-belief task is a good measure of theory of mind 
A)  children younger than 3½ view human beliefs as if people were all-knowing 
B)  before age 3½ children tend to think about beliefs as if they were desires 
C)  the unexpected contents task and the unexpected locations task are both false-belief tasks 
D)  there is consensus among scholars that the false-belief task is a good measure of theory of mind

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-efficacy and self-esteem tend to both be global and domain general. 
B)  Self-efficacy tends to be global and domain general while self-esteem can be specific to tasks and concepts. 
C)  Self-esteem tends to be global and domain general while self-efficacy can be specific to tasks and concepts. 
D)  Self-efficacy and self-esteem tend to both be highly specific to tasks and concepts. 
A)  Self-efficacy and self-esteem tend to both be global and domain general. 
B)  Self-efficacy tends to be global and domain general while self-esteem can be specific to tasks and concepts. 
C)  Self-esteem tends to be global and domain general while self-efficacy can be specific to tasks and concepts. 
D)  Self-efficacy and self-esteem tend to both be highly specific to tasks and concepts.

Question 16

Miguel has started to make social comparisons, but only by comparing his current self to what he was like at a younger age.Miguel is likely in:

Accepted Answer

A)  preschool 
B)  early school years 
C)  middle childhood 
D)  adolescence 
A)  preschool 
B)  early school years 
C)  middle childhood 
D)  adolescence

Question 17

Marti believes that Jasper knocked her notebook off the table because he is a mean person.This is an example of what psychologists refer to as a(n) ________ attribution.

Accepted Answer

A)  dispositional 
B)  intrinsic 
C)  extrinsic 
D)  situational 
A)  dispositional 
B)  intrinsic 
C)  extrinsic 
D)  situational

Question 18

Jack had shown intrinsic interest for pitching a ball.He had been asked to pitch repeatedly and told he would receive a reward for doing so.After pitching to earn the reward, he seemed to discount his earlier, intrinsic motivation for pitching.This phenomenon is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  expected reward effect 
B)  fundamental attribution effect 
C)  incentivizing effect 
D)  over-justification effect 
A)  expected reward effect 
B)  fundamental attribution effect 
C)  incentivizing effect 
D)  over-justification effect

Question 19

When most westerners observe someone else doing poorly on an exam they are most likely to attribute the failure or success to dispositional variables than to situational ones.This bias is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed trait error 
B)  fundamental attribution error 
C)  incremental attribution error 
D)  theory of mind error 
A)  fixed trait error 
B)  fundamental attribution error 
C)  incremental attribution error 
D)  theory of mind error

Question 20

Brandi is a 12-month-old.She sees her father turn on the light with his forehead, though his hands were empty.Sasha, also a 12-month-old, sees her father has his hands full, and uses his forehead to turn on the light.What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both girls will turn on the light with their hands. 
B)  Brandi is more likely than Sasha to turn on the light with her forehead. 
C)  Sasha is more likely than Brandi to turn on the light with her forehead. 
D)  Both girls will turn on the light with their forehead. 
A)  Both girls will turn on the light with their hands. 
B)  Brandi is more likely than Sasha to turn on the light with her forehead. 
C)  Sasha is more likely than Brandi to turn on the light with her forehead. 
D)  Both girls will turn on the light with their forehead.

Which of the following statements is true of 3-year-olds?

Gwen is interested in the extent to which her daughter understands others' beliefs.Describe two variations of the false-belief task that she could use to test her daughter's understanding.

Which of the following statements is true?

Gretchen is curious about when her infant son will recognize himself in the mirror.When will this ability likely be evident?

Describe how beliefs about the role of socialization in the emergence of gender identity have changed in the last decade or so.

________ refers to the various ways individuals think about themselves and have distinct kinds of self-awareness.

Differentiate between fixed-trait theorists and incremental theorists.Describe how each type of theorist would interpret a low grade on an exam.

Kayla failed her statistics exam.She believes this was a result of her not having studied enough.She believes that she can do better on the next exam if she studies.Kayla would be a(n):

________ refers to our ability to control our emotions and actions and behave in ways that are appropriate for various circumstances.

Kelley, an 18-month-old, does not yet understand that she has privileged experiences that no one else has access to.When will she likely start to develop a sense of private self?

Individuals with ________ have theory of mind deficits.

Miley believes that there are boy toys (for example, trucks) and girl toys (for example, dolls).When did she likely start to learn about gender-typical toys?

All of the following species have passed the mirror task EXCEPT:

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements is true?

Miguel has started to make social comparisons, but only by comparing his current self to what he was like at a younger age.Miguel is likely in:

Marti believes that Jasper knocked her notebook off the table because he is a mean person.This is an example of what psychologists refer to as a(n) ________ attribution.

Jack had shown intrinsic interest for pitching a ball.He had been asked to pitch repeatedly and told he would receive a reward for doing so.After pitching to earn the reward, he seemed to discount his earlier, intrinsic motivation for pitching.This phenomenon is known as the:

When most westerners observe someone else doing poorly on an exam they are most likely to attribute the failure or success to dispositional variables than to situational ones.This bias is referred to as the:

Brandi is a 12-month-old.She sees her father turn on the light with his forehead, though his hands were empty.Sasha, also a 12-month-old, sees her father has his hands full, and uses his forehead to turn on the light.What is the most likely outcome?

Approaching Psychological Development

The Biology of Development

Coming to Perceive the World

The Emergence of Action

Coming to Understand the Physical World

Connecting with the Social World

The Origins of Emotion, Temperament, and Personality

Language Development

The Growth of Knowledge

The Growth of Cognitive Skills

Intelligence and Schooling

Morality in Thought and Action

Becoming Part of the Family

Becoming Part of the Community

Psychopathology in Childhood

Development after Childhood and Adolescence

Filters

Exam 13: Knowing Ourselves, Knowing Others

Which of the following statements is true of 3-year-olds?

Gwen is interested in the extent to which her daughter understands others' beliefs.Describe two variations of the false-belief task that she could use to test her daughter's understanding.

Which of the following statements is true?

Gretchen is curious about when her infant son will recognize himself in the mirror.When will this ability likely be evident?

Describe how beliefs about the role of socialization in the emergence of gender identity have changed in the last decade or so.

________ refers to the various ways individuals think about themselves and have distinct kinds of self-awareness.

Differentiate between fixed-trait theorists and incremental theorists.Describe how each type of theorist would interpret a low grade on an exam.

Kayla failed her statistics exam.She believes this was a result of her not having studied enough.She believes that she can do better on the next exam if she studies.Kayla would be a(n):

________ refers to our ability to control our emotions and actions and behave in ways that are appropriate for various circumstances.

Kelley, an 18-month-old, does not yet understand that she has privileged experiences that no one else has access to.When will she likely start to develop a sense of private self?

Individuals with ________ have theory of mind deficits.

Miley believes that there are boy toys (for example, trucks) and girl toys (for example, dolls).When did she likely start to learn about gender-typical toys?

All of the following species have passed the mirror task EXCEPT:

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements is true?

Miguel has started to make social comparisons, but only by comparing his current self to what he was like at a younger age.Miguel is likely in:

Marti believes that Jasper knocked her notebook off the table because he is a mean person.This is an example of what psychologists refer to as a(n) ________ attribution.

Jack had shown intrinsic interest for pitching a ball.He had been asked to pitch repeatedly and told he would receive a reward for doing so.After pitching to earn the reward, he seemed to discount his earlier, intrinsic motivation for pitching.This phenomenon is known as the:

When most westerners observe someone else doing poorly on an exam they are most likely to attribute the failure or success to dispositional variables than to situational ones.This bias is referred to as the:

Brandi is a 12-month-old.She sees her father turn on the light with his forehead, though his hands were empty.Sasha, also a 12-month-old, sees her father has his hands full, and uses his forehead to turn on the light.What is the most likely outcome?

Approaching Psychological Development

The Biology of Development

Coming to Perceive the World

The Emergence of Action

Coming to Understand the Physical World

Connecting with the Social World

The Origins of Emotion, Temperament, and Personality

Language Development

The Growth of Knowledge

The Growth of Cognitive Skills

Intelligence and Schooling

Morality in Thought and Action

Becoming Part of the Family

Becoming Part of the Community

Psychopathology in Childhood

Development after Childhood and Adolescence

Filters