Exam 2: Defining and Measuring Energy

What are the commonly used units of measure for energy in the fields of nutrition and exercise physiology, and how do they relate to the SI unit of measure for energy?

List and explain the factors that affect resting metabolic rate. Also, which factors are the most substantial and least substantial influences?

When proteins are metabolized in the body, the average caloric value is estimated to be ____ kcal\g.

Which equation used to predict resting metabolic rate may better account for the higher amount of lean body mass in trained athletes?

Studies have shown that people with more fat-free mass have higher _______________ than those with less fat-free mass.

Studies that compare reported energy intake with actual energy expenditure suggest that individuals, including athletes, underestimate their energy intake by approximately 15 percent and some as high as 20 percent.

As the body utilizes the potential energy contained in food, a large portion of that energy is converted to heat energy.

ATP is critical for muscle contraction, but it is not involved in skeletal muscle relaxation.

Physical activity may comprise only approximately ____ percent of the sedentary person's daily energy expenditure.

6,300 kJ = ____ kilocalories.

Studies have shown that people with more fat-free mass (measured in kg)have higher resting metabolic rates than those with less fat-free mass.

ATP is known as the common energy currency because it is the source of energy that is common to all cells in the body.

What are chemical reactions that release energy?

The three energy systems that replenish ATP are creatine phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation.

For a sedentary individual, ____ typically makes up the largest portion of the day's total energy expenditure.

The minimal energy expenditure compatible with life is ____.

The thin contractile protein of a muscle cell is known as ____.

Under the most demanding conditions (e.g., very high-intensity exercise), ATP concentrations in exercising skeletal muscles rarely drop more than ____ percent.

If ____ is estimated, it is typically calculated by multiplying daily caloric intake by 10 percent.