Question 1

Sigh breaths could be beneficial during which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) used for the treatment of hypoxemia. 
B)  Mechanical ventilation with Vᴛs = 8-10 mL/kg. 
C)  Ventilating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patient with plateau pressure Pₚₗₐₜₑₐᵤ >30 cm H₂O. 
D)  Pressure-supported ventilation with tidal volume (Vᴛ) = 4-6 mL/kg 
A)  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) used for the treatment of hypoxemia. 
B)  Mechanical ventilation with Vᴛs = 8-10 mL/kg. 
C)  Ventilating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patient with plateau pressure Pₚₗₐₜₑₐᵤ >30 cm H₂O. 
D)  Pressure-supported ventilation with tidal volume (Vᴛ) = 4-6 mL/kg

Question 2

The ventilator volume is set at 575 mL.The low exhaled tidal volume (Vᴛ)alarm should be set at which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  150 mL 
B)  350 mL 
C)  400 mL 
D)  500 mL 
A)  150 mL 
B)  350 mL 
C)  400 mL 
D)  500 mL

Question 3

The application of positive pressure for patients with left ventricular failure is beneficial because of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases venous return 
B)  Decreases preload to the heart 
C)  Increases afterload to the heart 
D)  Improves perfusion to the myocardium 
A)  Increases venous return 
B)  Decreases preload to the heart 
C)  Increases afterload to the heart 
D)  Improves perfusion to the myocardium

Question 4

A patient's baseline arterial blood gas (ABG)reveals a partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)of 78 mm Hg while receiving 35% supplemental oxygen.What should the ventilator fractional inspired oxygen (FɪO₂)be set at to obtain a target PₐO₂ of 95 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.34 
B)  0.43 
C)  0.55 
D)  0.67 
A)  0.34 
B)  0.43 
C)  0.55 
D)  0.67

Question 5

A high pressure ventilator alarm is sounding and you are unsure if ventilation is occurring.What action should you take first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hit the alarm silent button. 
B)  Increase the oxygen concentration to 100%. 
C)  Manually ventilate the patient. 
D)  Increase the peak pressure alarm. 
A)  Hit the alarm silent button. 
B)  Increase the oxygen concentration to 100%. 
C)  Manually ventilate the patient. 
D)  Increase the peak pressure alarm.

Question 6

During mechanical ventilation,a patient with a closed head injury develops the Cushing response.This may be immediately managed by using which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) with positive end- expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
B)  Sedation and paralysis 
C)  Permissive hypercapnia 
D)  Iatrogenic hyperventilation 
A)  Pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) with positive end- expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
B)  Sedation and paralysis 
C)  Permissive hypercapnia 
D)  Iatrogenic hyperventilation

Question 7

In which situation should the heat moisture exchanger (HME)be replaced with a heated humidification system?

Accepted Answer

A)  With all tracheostomy tubes 
B)  After 3 days of ventilation 
C)  After 24 hours of ventilation 
D)  Thick secretions not cleared by suctioning 
A)  With all tracheostomy tubes 
B)  After 3 days of ventilation 
C)  After 24 hours of ventilation 
D)  Thick secretions not cleared by suctioning

Question 8

How much patient effort is needed to trigger a ventilator breath when there is 8 cm H₂O of unintended positive end-expiratory pressure (auto-PEEP)and a pressure trigger setting of 2 cm H₂O?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 cm H₂O 
B)  6 cm H₂O 
C)  8 cm H₂O 
D)  10 cm H₂O 
A)  2 cm H₂O 
B)  6 cm H₂O 
C)  8 cm H₂O 
D)  10 cm H₂O

Question 9

A patient set up on pressure support ventilation (PSV)has an average minute volume of 5.8 L.What should the low exhaled minute volume alarm be set at?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 L 
B)  4 L 
C)  3 L 
D)  2 L 
A)  5 L 
B)  4 L 
C)  3 L 
D)  2 L

Question 10

A patient receiving 60% oxygen from an air entrainment mask has a partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)of 45 mm Hg.The patient is being intubated and the ventilator set up.What is the appropriate fractional inspired oxygen (FɪO₂)to achieve a PₐO₂ of 60 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.65 
B)  0.75 
C)  0.8 
D)  0.95 
A)  0.65 
B)  0.75 
C)  0.8 
D)  0.95

Question 11

What fractional inspired oxygen (FɪO₂)setting should be set on the ventilator when the patient currently has a partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)of 53 mm Hg while receiving 50% oxygen and the desired PₐO₂ is 90 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.64 
B)  0.74 
C)  0.85 
D)  0.95 
A)  0.64 
B)  0.74 
C)  0.85 
D)  0.95

Question 12

The statement that is true concerning the use of permissive hypercapnia in the management of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ABGs)includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pH may be allowed to drop as low as 7.1. 
B)  Tromethamine (THAM) may be used to keep the pH above 7.2. 
C)  Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PₐCO₂) needs to rise rapidly to achieve success. 
D)  PₐCO₂ should not be allowed to rise above 60 mm Hg. 
A)  The pH may be allowed to drop as low as 7.1. 
B)  Tromethamine (THAM) may be used to keep the pH above 7.2. 
C)  Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PₐCO₂) needs to rise rapidly to achieve success. 
D)  PₐCO₂ should not be allowed to rise above 60 mm Hg.

Question 13

A humidifier used with a mechanical ventilator should deliver a minimum of how much humidity?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 mg H₂O/L at 35-37° C 
B)  20 mg H₂O/L at 31-35° C 
C)  30 mg H₂O/L at 31-35° C 
D)  47 mg H₂O/L at 35-37° C 
A)  10 mg H₂O/L at 35-37° C 
B)  20 mg H₂O/L at 31-35° C 
C)  30 mg H₂O/L at 31-35° C 
D)  47 mg H₂O/L at 35-37° C

Question 14

All of the following are appropriate situations for the use of sigh or deep breaths except which?

Accepted Answer

A)  During chest physiotherapy 
B)  During an extubation procedure 
C)  During continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with spontaneous breathing 
D)  Before and after endotracheal tube suctioning 
A)  During chest physiotherapy 
B)  During an extubation procedure 
C)  During continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with spontaneous breathing 
D)  Before and after endotracheal tube suctioning

Question 15

What is the range for setting flow triggering?

Accepted Answer

A)  1-10 L/min 
B)  10-15 L/min 
C)  12-16 L/min 
D)  20-30 L/min 
A)  1-10 L/min 
B)  10-15 L/min 
C)  12-16 L/min 
D)  20-30 L/min

Question 16

A patient is being ventilated with pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV)of 12 breaths/min.The apnea alarm time setting should be which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 seconds 
B)  10 seconds 
C)  15 seconds 
D)  20 seconds 
A)  4 seconds 
B)  10 seconds 
C)  15 seconds 
D)  20 seconds

Sigh breaths could be beneficial during which of the following situations?

The ventilator volume is set at 575 mL.The low exhaled tidal volume (Vᴛ)alarm should be set at which of the following?

The application of positive pressure for patients with left ventricular failure is beneficial because of which of the following?

A patient's baseline arterial blood gas (ABG)reveals a partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)of 78 mm Hg while receiving 35% supplemental oxygen.What should the ventilator fractional inspired oxygen (FɪO₂)be set at to obtain a target PₐO₂ of 95 mm Hg?

A high pressure ventilator alarm is sounding and you are unsure if ventilation is occurring.What action should you take first?

During mechanical ventilation,a patient with a closed head injury develops the Cushing response.This may be immediately managed by using which of the following?

In which situation should the heat moisture exchanger (HME)be replaced with a heated humidification system?

How much patient effort is needed to trigger a ventilator breath when there is 8 cm H₂O of unintended positive end-expiratory pressure (auto-PEEP)and a pressure trigger setting of 2 cm H₂O?

A patient set up on pressure support ventilation (PSV)has an average minute volume of 5.8 L.What should the low exhaled minute volume alarm be set at?

A patient receiving 60% oxygen from an air entrainment mask has a partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)of 45 mm Hg.The patient is being intubated and the ventilator set up.What is the appropriate fractional inspired oxygen (FɪO₂)to achieve a PₐO₂ of 60 mm Hg?

What fractional inspired oxygen (FɪO₂)setting should be set on the ventilator when the patient currently has a partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)of 53 mm Hg while receiving 50% oxygen and the desired PₐO₂ is 90 mm Hg?

The statement that is true concerning the use of permissive hypercapnia in the management of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ABGs)includes which of the following?

A humidifier used with a mechanical ventilator should deliver a minimum of how much humidity?

All of the following are appropriate situations for the use of sigh or deep breaths except which?

What is the range for setting flow triggering?

A patient is being ventilated with pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV)of 12 breaths/min.The apnea alarm time setting should be which of the following?

Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation

How Ventilators Work

How a Breath Is Delivered

Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation

Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode

Initial Ventilator Settings

Initial Patient Assessment

Ventilator Graphics

Assessment of Respiratory Function

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management

Improving Oxygenation and Management of ARDS

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Sedatives, Analgesics, and Paralytics

Extrapulmonary Effects of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Weaning and Discontinuation from Mechanical Ventilation

Long-Term Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Ventilation

Special Techniques in Ventilatory Support

Filters

Exam 7: Final Considerations in Ventilator Setup

Sigh breaths could be beneficial during which of the following situations?

The ventilator volume is set at 575 mL.The low exhaled tidal volume (Vᴛ)alarm should be set at which of the following?

The application of positive pressure for patients with left ventricular failure is beneficial because of which of the following?

A patient's baseline arterial blood gas (ABG)reveals a partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)of 78 mm Hg while receiving 35% supplemental oxygen.What should the ventilator fractional inspired oxygen (FɪO₂)be set at to obtain a target PₐO₂ of 95 mm Hg?

A high pressure ventilator alarm is sounding and you are unsure if ventilation is occurring.What action should you take first?

During mechanical ventilation,a patient with a closed head injury develops the Cushing response.This may be immediately managed by using which of the following?

In which situation should the heat moisture exchanger (HME)be replaced with a heated humidification system?

How much patient effort is needed to trigger a ventilator breath when there is 8 cm H₂O of unintended positive end-expiratory pressure (auto-PEEP)and a pressure trigger setting of 2 cm H₂O?

A patient set up on pressure support ventilation (PSV)has an average minute volume of 5.8 L.What should the low exhaled minute volume alarm be set at?

A patient receiving 60% oxygen from an air entrainment mask has a partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)of 45 mm Hg.The patient is being intubated and the ventilator set up.What is the appropriate fractional inspired oxygen (FɪO₂)to achieve a PₐO₂ of 60 mm Hg?

What fractional inspired oxygen (FɪO₂)setting should be set on the ventilator when the patient currently has a partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)of 53 mm Hg while receiving 50% oxygen and the desired PₐO₂ is 90 mm Hg?

The statement that is true concerning the use of permissive hypercapnia in the management of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ABGs)includes which of the following?

A humidifier used with a mechanical ventilator should deliver a minimum of how much humidity?

All of the following are appropriate situations for the use of sigh or deep breaths except which?

What is the range for setting flow triggering?

A patient is being ventilated with pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV)of 12 breaths/min.The apnea alarm time setting should be which of the following?

Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation

How Ventilators Work

How a Breath Is Delivered

Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation

Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode

Initial Ventilator Settings

Initial Patient Assessment

Ventilator Graphics

Assessment of Respiratory Function

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management

Improving Oxygenation and Management of ARDS

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Sedatives, Analgesics, and Paralytics

Extrapulmonary Effects of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Weaning and Discontinuation from Mechanical Ventilation

Long-Term Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Ventilation

Special Techniques in Ventilatory Support

Filters