Question 1

The primary advantage of an A-B-A-C design over an A-B-C design is:

Accepted Answer

A) the functional relationship can be better established because of the return to the baseline before the C condition. 
B) a comparison of the effects of two or more treatments on the same behavior. 
C) to evaluate the effects of a treatment on the gradual increase or decrease of a single target behavior. 
D) None of these are correct. 
A) the functional relationship can be better established because of the return to the baseline before the C condition. 
B) a comparison of the effects of two or more treatments on the same behavior. 
C) to evaluate the effects of a treatment on the gradual increase or decrease of a single target behavior. 
D) None of these are correct. A

Question 2

Outline and give an example of when the changing conditions design would be most appropriate to use.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:When a clear functional relationship between the independent and dependent variables needs to be demonstrated, when the nature of the target behavior is such that it can be reversed when the treatment is withdrawn, when the nature of the treatment is such that its effects are not present on the target behavior after it is withdrawn, and when withdrawal of treatment does not compromise ethics.

Question 3

Outline and give an example of when the changing criterion design would be most appropriate to use.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:When the target behavior can change gradually in a stepwise fashion, when the behavior is already in the subjects' repertoire and needs to be increased or decreased, when the effects of contingent reinforcement or punishment procedures need to be evaluated, or when withdrawal of treatment is not appropriate.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an issue related to changing criterion designs?

Accepted Answer

A) length of each subphase 
B) direction of each subphase 
C) magnitude of the criterion changes 
D) number of subphases 
A) length of each subphase 
B) direction of each subphase 
C) magnitude of the criterion changes 
D) number of subphases

Question 5

In the application study example involving James, what was the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A) number of multiplication problems correctly completed 
B) number of spelling words correctly completed 
C) use of an iPad with preloaded games 
D) an oral spelling strategy 
A) number of multiplication problems correctly completed 
B) number of spelling words correctly completed 
C) use of an iPad with preloaded games 
D) an oral spelling strategy

Question 6

What occurs when baseline measures change in the same direction as during an intervention phase, although the intervention has not yet been implemented with that dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A) covariance 
B) replication 
C) verification 
D) prediction 
A) covariance 
B) replication 
C) verification 
D) prediction

Question 7

A somewhat controversial use of the changing criterion design is in its evaluation of the effectiveness of _______________ procedures.

Accepted Answer

A) latency 
B) shaping 
C) reinforcement 
D) punishment 
A) latency 
B) shaping 
C) reinforcement 
D) punishment

Question 8

Verification in the changing criterion design is possible when:

Accepted Answer

A) stable responding is attained with each subphase. 
B) behavior changes in the predicted direction occur consistently. 
C) there is a return to baseline following a specific treatment condition. 
D) the direction of the criterion levels is reversed. 
A) stable responding is attained with each subphase. 
B) behavior changes in the predicted direction occur consistently. 
C) there is a return to baseline following a specific treatment condition. 
D) the direction of the criterion levels is reversed.

Question 9

The basic design of a multiple treatment design includes:

Accepted Answer

A) one A-B design where baseline data are simultaneously measured. 
B) an intervention that is applied to multiple behaviors only that are similar in nature but functionally independent. 
C) phases that are introduced with criterion levels that vary. 
D) two or more A-B-C designs where baseline data are simultaneously measured and the intervention is introduced to one behavior, in one setting, or with one individual at a time. 
A) one A-B design where baseline data are simultaneously measured. 
B) an intervention that is applied to multiple behaviors only that are similar in nature but functionally independent. 
C) phases that are introduced with criterion levels that vary. 
D) two or more A-B-C designs where baseline data are simultaneously measured and the intervention is introduced to one behavior, in one setting, or with one individual at a time.

Question 10

The advantages of a changing conditions design include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) the possibility of sequencing effects. 
B) the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of more than one treatment. 
C) demonstrating a strong relationship between the behavior and the treatment(s). 
D) the relative ease of implementation. 
A) the possibility of sequencing effects. 
B) the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of more than one treatment. 
C) demonstrating a strong relationship between the behavior and the treatment(s). 
D) the relative ease of implementation.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a step outlining the procedures to be taken when using a changing criterion designs?

Accepted Answer

A) carefully define the target behavior 
B) collect baseline data 
C) determine the level of performance required 
D) end the intervention 
A) carefully define the target behavior 
B) collect baseline data 
C) determine the level of performance required 
D) end the intervention

Question 12

Which type of design may be used as an adaptation to designs addressing multiple behaviors, settings, or individuals?

Accepted Answer

A) multiple probe design 
B) alternating treatment design 
C) extended multiple baseline design 
D) changing criterion design 
A) multiple probe design 
B) alternating treatment design 
C) extended multiple baseline design 
D) changing criterion design

Question 13

Assume an A-B-C design has been effective and ends with both the B and C interventions being implemented.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:One issue is tha

Question 14

Why would a researcher who is trying to increase a target behavior (e.g., the number of math problems solved correctly)set a criterion for reinforcement that actually allows the dependent variable to decrease before once again setting a criterion to increase the target behavior?

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:In a changing cr

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of implementing an A-B-C design?

Accepted Answer

A) Changes between B and C might be due to other factors besides treatment. 
B) The design is simply conceptualized. 
C) There is typically only one baseline phase. 
D) There could be a sequencing or cumulative effect. 
A) Changes between B and C might be due to other factors besides treatment. 
B) The design is simply conceptualized. 
C) There is typically only one baseline phase. 
D) There could be a sequencing or cumulative effect.

Question 16

After the baseline data are stable, the _______________ would be that there would be no change in the data path for the dependent variables if there was no intervention effect.

Accepted Answer

A) covariance 
B) replication 
C) verification 
D) prediction 
A) covariance 
B) replication 
C) verification 
D) prediction

Question 17

Explain the difference between two changing conditions designs (both A-B-C designs)when one design ends with a C phase (additive effect)and the other design ends with a C phase (reductive effect). Use verbal prompting as the B intervention in both designs and visual prompting as the C intervention in both designs.

Accepted Answer

The primary advantage of an A-B-A-C design over an A-B-C design is:

Outline and give an example of when the changing conditions design would be most appropriate to use.

Outline and give an example of when the changing criterion design would be most appropriate to use.

Which of the following is NOT an issue related to changing criterion designs?

In the application study example involving James, what was the independent variable?

What occurs when baseline measures change in the same direction as during an intervention phase, although the intervention has not yet been implemented with that dependent variable?

A somewhat controversial use of the changing criterion design is in its evaluation of the effectiveness of _______________ procedures.

Verification in the changing criterion design is possible when:

The basic design of a multiple treatment design includes:

The advantages of a changing conditions design include all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT a step outlining the procedures to be taken when using a changing criterion designs?

Which type of design may be used as an adaptation to designs addressing multiple behaviors, settings, or individuals?

Assume an A-B-C design has been effective and ends with both the B and C interventions being implemented.

Why would a researcher who is trying to increase a target behavior (e.g., the number of math problems solved correctly)set a criterion for reinforcement that actually allows the dependent variable to decrease before once again setting a criterion to increase the target behavior?

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of implementing an A-B-C design?

After the baseline data are stable, the _______________ would be that there would be no change in the data path for the dependent variables if there was no intervention effect.

What were the independent variables in the study involving Kumar, in which an A-B-C design was employed?

Uses of the A-B-C design could include all the following situations EXCEPT:

What term is used to describe when the data path changes predictably for the dependent variable when an intervention is implemented?

Historical Perspectives and Important Concepts in Single Subject Research

Methods for Changing Target Behaviors

Methods for Recording Behaviors

Issues in Single Subject Research

Action Research

Withdrawal Designs

Multiple Baseline Designs

Alternating Treatments Designs

Methods for Analyzing Data

Filters

Exam 7: Changing Conditions and Changing Criterion Designs

The primary advantage of an A-B-A-C design over an A-B-C design is:

Outline and give an example of when the changing conditions design would be most appropriate to use.

Outline and give an example of when the changing criterion design would be most appropriate to use.

Which of the following is NOT an issue related to changing criterion designs?

In the application study example involving James, what was the independent variable?

What occurs when baseline measures change in the same direction as during an intervention phase, although the intervention has not yet been implemented with that dependent variable?

A somewhat controversial use of the changing criterion design is in its evaluation of the effectiveness of _______________ procedures.

Verification in the changing criterion design is possible when:

The basic design of a multiple treatment design includes:

The advantages of a changing conditions design include all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT a step outlining the procedures to be taken when using a changing criterion designs?

Which type of design may be used as an adaptation to designs addressing multiple behaviors, settings, or individuals?

Assume an A-B-C design has been effective and ends with both the B and C interventions being implemented.

Why would a researcher who is trying to increase a target behavior (e.g., the number of math problems solved correctly)set a criterion for reinforcement that actually allows the dependent variable to decrease before once again setting a criterion to increase the target behavior?

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of implementing an A-B-C design?

After the baseline data are stable, the _______________ would be that there would be no change in the data path for the dependent variables if there was no intervention effect.

What were the independent variables in the study involving Kumar, in which an A-B-C design was employed?

Uses of the A-B-C design could include all the following situations EXCEPT:

What term is used to describe when the data path changes predictably for the dependent variable when an intervention is implemented?

Historical Perspectives and Important Concepts in Single Subject Research

Methods for Changing Target Behaviors

Methods for Recording Behaviors

Issues in Single Subject Research

Action Research

Withdrawal Designs

Multiple Baseline Designs

Alternating Treatments Designs

Methods for Analyzing Data

Filters