Exam 16: Oceans and Coastlines

Describe the negative effects of ocean acidification on carbonate reefs and the Great Barrier Reef.

A spit that extends partially or completely across the entrance to a bay is called a ____.

A pillar of rock let when a sea arch collapses or when the inshore portion of a headland erodes faster than the tip is called a(n) _______________.

Spits form from sand or gravel deposited by ____ currents.

Define crest, trough, wavelength and wave height.

Describe the zones of a beach.

Define wave-cut cliff, wave-cut platform, sea arch, and sea stack.

Why does upwelling occur along the equator?

Describe an emergent and a submergent coastline, what do they look like?

A(n) _______________ is a wave-resistant ridge or mound built by corals, oysters, algae, or other marine organisms.

Deep-sea currents are driven by ____.

A wave steepens and crashes when it enters waters shallower than its _______________.

Sea levels has risen and fallen repeatedly in the geologic past, and coastlines have emerged and submerged throughout Earth's history.

What are the highest and lowest parts of the wave called?

Most beach sand is formed by weathering and erosion at the beach itself.

Describe the Gulf Stream.

Sea stacks form when large rocks are piled on top of one another by powerful waves during storms.

Some coastlines are rising isostatically because the lithosphere was depressed by thick ice sheets during the Pleistocene glaciation that have since melted away.

The relatively small tides that occur when the Moon is 90 degrees out of alignment with the Sun and Earth are called _______________.

Many coastlines experience how many tides during a 24 hour and 53 minute period?