Question 1

Which of the following is not a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  If you visit the Grand Canyon, the principle of superposition confirms that the deepest rocks in the canyon are older than layers of the canyon walls 
B)  If you visit the Grand Canyon, the rock record has a continuous set of sedimentary layers from the bottom to the top 
C)  An unconformity can occur because erosion removed some rock layers before younger layers accumulated 
D)  An unconformity can occur because no sediment was deposited for a period of time 
A)  If you visit the Grand Canyon, the principle of superposition confirms that the deepest rocks in the canyon are older than layers of the canyon walls 
B)  If you visit the Grand Canyon, the rock record has a continuous set of sedimentary layers from the bottom to the top 
C)  An unconformity can occur because erosion removed some rock layers before younger layers accumulated 
D)  An unconformity can occur because no sediment was deposited for a period of time

Question 2

If you discover a coral fossil at the top of the Rocky Mountain Range, this means the mountain was recently submerged below sea-level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is a true statement about weathering?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weathering process can make dissolved ions such as sodium, calcium, and chloride 
B)  Weathering of solid rock can cause some of the minerals in it to change or dissolve our of a rock 
C)  Most of the dissolved ions from rock travel via rivers to the ocean where marine organisms use the ions to make shells or other hard parts of their bodies 
D)  If you find a rock called limestone, you have found a very rare rock because the geologic conditions to form limestone are very rare 
A)  Weathering process can make dissolved ions such as sodium, calcium, and chloride 
B)  Weathering of solid rock can cause some of the minerals in it to change or dissolve our of a rock 
C)  Most of the dissolved ions from rock travel via rivers to the ocean where marine organisms use the ions to make shells or other hard parts of their bodies 
D)  If you find a rock called limestone, you have found a very rare rock because the geologic conditions to form limestone are very rare

Question 4

Which of the following is not a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  During the Permian time when Pangea formed, ocean currents were able to effectively mix 
B)  Computer models indicate that the assemblage of all continents into a supercontinent created a single global ocean 
C)  If the Earth has a single global ocean, this can prevent the mixing of surface water and the ocean depths which significantly impacts the chemistry of ocean water 
D)  If the Earth has a single global ocean, the ocean water can stagnate causing dissolved oxygen to be depleted 
E)  If the Earth has a single global ocean, the stagnated ocean water can produce dissolved hydrogen sulfide that can be lethal to ocean life 
A)  During the Permian time when Pangea formed, ocean currents were able to effectively mix 
B)  Computer models indicate that the assemblage of all continents into a supercontinent created a single global ocean 
C)  If the Earth has a single global ocean, this can prevent the mixing of surface water and the ocean depths which significantly impacts the chemistry of ocean water 
D)  If the Earth has a single global ocean, the ocean water can stagnate causing dissolved oxygen to be depleted 
E)  If the Earth has a single global ocean, the stagnated ocean water can produce dissolved hydrogen sulfide that can be lethal to ocean life

Question 5

The geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere were involved in each of the five mass extinction events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is the half-life of Carbon-14? ____________________

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the half-life of Carbon-14? ____________________...

Question 7

Which is not a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Geologists correlate beds containing the same fossils in a technique called biostratigraphy in order to determine the age of the rock 
B)  Geologists correlate beds containing similar lithology in a technique called lithostratigraphy in order to determine the age of the rock 
C)  Geologists correlate geologic deposits based on their age of deposition in a technique called chronostratigraphy 
D)  All of the above are true statements 
A)  Geologists correlate beds containing the same fossils in a technique called biostratigraphy in order to determine the age of the rock 
B)  Geologists correlate beds containing similar lithology in a technique called lithostratigraphy in order to determine the age of the rock 
C)  Geologists correlate geologic deposits based on their age of deposition in a technique called chronostratigraphy 
D)  All of the above are true statements

Question 8

Which of the following is not a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absolute age is measured in the order by which events occurred 
B)  Relative age is based on the principle that an event can only impact a rock if the rock existed first 
C)  Absolute age measurement of rocks have become common since the second half of the 20th century 
D)  Prior to the second half of the 20th century, scientists relied upon relative age of rocks to estimate how old a rock layer was 
A)  Absolute age is measured in the order by which events occurred 
B)  Relative age is based on the principle that an event can only impact a rock if the rock existed first 
C)  Absolute age measurement of rocks have become common since the second half of the 20th century 
D)  Prior to the second half of the 20th century, scientists relied upon relative age of rocks to estimate how old a rock layer was

Question 9

Which is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  A disconformity in the Grand Canyon can be observed when the sedimentary layers below the unconformity are tilted due to tectonic activity and are overlain by flat, sedimentary rocks that are younger 
B)  An angular unconformity in the Grand Canyon can be observed when the sedimentary layers below the unconformity are tilted due to tectonic activity and are overlain by flat, sedimentary rocks that are younger 
C)  A nonconformity in the Grand Canyon can be observed when the sedimentary layers below the unconformity are tilted due to tectonic activity and are overlain by flat, sedimentary rocks that are younger 
D)  A geo-conformity in the Grand Canyon can be observed when the sedimentary layers below the unconformity are tilted due to tectonic activity and are overlain by flat, sedimentary rocks that are younger 
A)  A disconformity in the Grand Canyon can be observed when the sedimentary layers below the unconformity are tilted due to tectonic activity and are overlain by flat, sedimentary rocks that are younger 
B)  An angular unconformity in the Grand Canyon can be observed when the sedimentary layers below the unconformity are tilted due to tectonic activity and are overlain by flat, sedimentary rocks that are younger 
C)  A nonconformity in the Grand Canyon can be observed when the sedimentary layers below the unconformity are tilted due to tectonic activity and are overlain by flat, sedimentary rocks that are younger 
D)  A geo-conformity in the Grand Canyon can be observed when the sedimentary layers below the unconformity are tilted due to tectonic activity and are overlain by flat, sedimentary rocks that are younger

Question 10

Explain how surface marine organisms contribute to the carbon dioxide budget on Earth.

Accepted Answer

Surface marine organisms that photosynth

Question 11

Which is not a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Floating or swimming small marine organisms make good index fossils because they spread rapidly throughout the ocean 
B)  Index fossils are abundantly preserved in the fossil record 
C)  Index fossils existed for a long period of geologic time 
D)  Index fossils are geographically widespread in the fossil record 
A)  Floating or swimming small marine organisms make good index fossils because they spread rapidly throughout the ocean 
B)  Index fossils are abundantly preserved in the fossil record 
C)  Index fossils existed for a long period of geologic time 
D)  Index fossils are geographically widespread in the fossil record

Question 12

Which of the following is not a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  17th century geologists found thick sequences of sedimentary rock layers containing abundant fossil organisms 
B)  If you were a geologist and had discovered these sedimentary rock layers with fossils but found few or no fossils in rock layers above it, you would have assumed the organisms disappeared from the Earth in a mass extinction event 
C)  Geologists found fossils again in higher sequence of rock layers but the organisms were much different than those found in older sedimentary rocks 
D)  The fossil record shows more than once that sudden, catastrophic events occurred on Earth eradicating life in a mass extinction event 
A)  17th century geologists found thick sequences of sedimentary rock layers containing abundant fossil organisms 
B)  If you were a geologist and had discovered these sedimentary rock layers with fossils but found few or no fossils in rock layers above it, you would have assumed the organisms disappeared from the Earth in a mass extinction event 
C)  Geologists found fossils again in higher sequence of rock layers but the organisms were much different than those found in older sedimentary rocks 
D)  The fossil record shows more than once that sudden, catastrophic events occurred on Earth eradicating life in a mass extinction event

Question 13

Explain what the difference is between relative age dating and absolute age dating.

Accepted Answer

Relative age dating is achieved by apply

Question 14

A gap in the rock record is referred to as a what? ______________________

Accepted Answer

The answer of A gap in the rock record is...

Question 15

Explain how the meteorite that struck Earth approximately 65 million years ago contributed to a mass extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous Period.

Accepted Answer

The collision of the meteorite

Question 16

If you found a fossil from the 2.5 billion years ago, it would have been a shelled organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Explain why a new "Eon" was made after the Proterozoic Eon ended and the Cambrian Period began.

Accepted Answer

Very few shell-bearing organisms have be

Question 18

Explain how to read the geologic time scale from bottom to top and apply the Principle of Superposition to interpreting the scale.

Accepted Answer

One reads the scale from botto

Question 19

If you found a fossil from the Early Archean, it would be a fossilized algal structure known as a stromatolite.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following geologic principle is directly applicable to the oldest layer of the Grand Canyon being at the bottom of the canyon?

Accepted Answer

A)  The principle of superposition states that the oldest layer of the Grand Canyon should be located at the bottom of the canyon 
B)  The principle of crosscutting relationships states that the oldest layer of the Grand Canyon should be located at the bottom of the canyon 
C)  The principle of original horizontality states that the oldest layer of the Grand Canyon should be located at the bottom of the canyon 
D)  The principle of included fragments states that the oldest layer of the Grand Canyon should be located at the bottom of the canyon 
E)  The principle of faunal succession states that the oldest layer of the Grand Canyon should be located at the bottom of the canyon 
A)  The principle of superposition states that the oldest layer of the Grand Canyon should be located at the bottom of the canyon 
B)  The principle of crosscutting relationships states that the oldest layer of the Grand Canyon should be located at the bottom of the canyon 
C)  The principle of original horizontality states that the oldest layer of the Grand Canyon should be located at the bottom of the canyon 
D)  The principle of included fragments states that the oldest layer of the Grand Canyon should be located at the bottom of the canyon 
E)  The principle of faunal succession states that the oldest layer of the Grand Canyon should be located at the bottom of the canyon

Exam 4: Geologic Time: a Story in the Rocks

Which of the following is not a true statement?

If you discover a coral fossil at the top of the Rocky Mountain Range, this means the mountain was recently submerged below sea-level.

Which of the following is a true statement about weathering?

Which of the following is not a true statement?

The geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere were involved in each of the five mass extinction events.

What is the half-life of Carbon-14? ____________________

Which is not a true statement?

Which of the following is not a true statement?

Which is a true statement?

Explain how surface marine organisms contribute to the carbon dioxide budget on Earth.

Which is not a true statement?

Which of the following is not a true statement?

Explain what the difference is between relative age dating and absolute age dating.

A gap in the rock record is referred to as a what? ______________________

Explain how the meteorite that struck Earth approximately 65 million years ago contributed to a mass extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous Period.

If you found a fossil from the 2.5 billion years ago, it would have been a shelled organism.

Explain why a new "Eon" was made after the Proterozoic Eon ended and the Cambrian Period began.

Explain how to read the geologic time scale from bottom to top and apply the Principle of Superposition to interpreting the scale.

If you found a fossil from the Early Archean, it would be a fossilized algal structure known as a stromatolite.

Which of the following geologic principle is directly applicable to the oldest layer of the Grand Canyon being at the bottom of the canyon?

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