Exam 13: Advanced Switching Concepts

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The IEEE 802.1q specification that defines VLANs recommends frame ____ (also known as frame identification).

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D

What are the STP ports stable states?

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The stable states are as follows: Blocking-The port is sending and receiving the STP messages (BPDUs), but it is not receiving or forwarding data frames, in order to prevent logical loops in the network.
• Forwarding-The port is receiving and forwarding data frames, learning new MAC addresses, and sending and receiving BPDUs. All of the ports on a root bridge are configured for forwarding. Disabled-The port is disabled and is neither sending or receiving BPDUs nor forwarding or receiving frames.

What are some of the benefits provided by VLANs?

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The benefits of using VLANs center on the idea that the administrator can divide a LAN logically without changing the actual physical configuration. This ability provides the administrator with several benefits:
• Ease of adding and moving stations on the LAN
• Ease of reconfiguring the LAN
• Better traffic control
• Increased security,

Physical path loops help improve a network's fault tolerance; if one path fails, another is available.

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____ is the process of using either ISL or 802.1q to allow multiple VLAN traffic on the same link.

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A(n) ____________________ is a physical connection created when network devices are connected to one another by two or more physical media links.

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_________________________ operates on VLANs and treats all VLANs connected as separate physical networks.

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Briefly describe the VTP device modes.

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VLANs can be configured by network administrators to allow membership only for certain devices.

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VTP ____ mode means that a device is not participating in VTP communications, other than to forward that information through its configured trunk links.

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By default, every port on a switch is in VLAN 1. This is the ____ VLAN.

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During the ____ state, STP devices are configured to receive only the BPDUs that inform them of network status.

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____ links are links to non-VLAN-aware devices such as hubs and individual workstations.

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The ____ VLAN uses a software database of MAC address-to-VLAN mappings that is created manually.

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The BPDU messages are sent between the root bridge and the best ports on the other devices, which are called ____.

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When a device is placed in VTP ____ mode, it is not allowed to make changes to the VLAN structure, but it can receive, interpret, and propagate changes.

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STP uses the ______________________________ to interrupt the logical loop created by a physical loop in a bridged/switched environment.

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____ VLANs are configured port-by-port, with each port being associated with a particular VLAN.

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A(n) _________________________ is a grouping of network devices that is not restricted to a physical segment or switch.

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____ means the process of pushing all the inter-VLAN traffic out a single switch port to the router and then having the traffic routed back to the same switch port to the destination VLAN.

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