Exam 13: Advanced Switching Concepts
The IEEE 802.1q specification that defines VLANs recommends frame ____ (also known as frame identification).
D
What are the STP ports stable states?
The stable states are as follows: Blocking-The port is sending and receiving the STP messages (BPDUs), but it is not receiving or forwarding data frames, in order to prevent logical loops in the network.
• Forwarding-The port is receiving and forwarding data frames, learning new MAC addresses, and sending and receiving BPDUs. All of the ports on a root bridge are configured for forwarding. Disabled-The port is disabled and is neither sending or receiving BPDUs nor forwarding or receiving frames.
What are some of the benefits provided by VLANs?
The benefits of using VLANs center on the idea that the administrator can divide a LAN logically without changing the actual physical configuration. This ability provides the administrator with several benefits:
• Ease of adding and moving stations on the LAN
• Ease of reconfiguring the LAN
• Better traffic control
• Increased security,
Physical path loops help improve a network's fault tolerance; if one path fails, another is available.
____ is the process of using either ISL or 802.1q to allow multiple VLAN traffic on the same link.
A(n) ____________________ is a physical connection created when network devices are connected to one another by two or more physical media links.
_________________________ operates on VLANs and treats all VLANs connected as separate physical networks.
VLANs can be configured by network administrators to allow membership only for certain devices.
VTP ____ mode means that a device is not participating in VTP communications, other than to forward that information through its configured trunk links.
By default, every port on a switch is in VLAN 1. This is the ____ VLAN.
During the ____ state, STP devices are configured to receive only the BPDUs that inform them of network status.
____ links are links to non-VLAN-aware devices such as hubs and individual workstations.
The ____ VLAN uses a software database of MAC address-to-VLAN mappings that is created manually.
The BPDU messages are sent between the root bridge and the best ports on the other devices, which are called ____.
When a device is placed in VTP ____ mode, it is not allowed to make changes to the VLAN structure, but it can receive, interpret, and propagate changes.
STP uses the ______________________________ to interrupt the logical loop created by a physical loop in a bridged/switched environment.
____ VLANs are configured port-by-port, with each port being associated with a particular VLAN.
A(n) _________________________ is a grouping of network devices that is not restricted to a physical segment or switch.
____ means the process of pushing all the inter-VLAN traffic out a single switch port to the router and then having the traffic routed back to the same switch port to the destination VLAN.
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