Chat with AIExam 11: Ppp and Frame Relay
What are the elements of the PPP frame?
(40) 
VerifiedThe elements of the PPP frame are as follows:
• Flag-Binary sequence 01111110, which indicates the beginning of the frame
• Address-Binary sequence 11111111; because PPP is used to create a point-to-point connection, there is no need for PPP to assign an individual address for each host.
• Control-Binary sequence 00000011, which indicates that the transmission of user data will not be sequenced and is to be delivered over a connectionless link
• Protocol-Two bytes used to identify the protocol that is encapsulated
• LCP (or Data)-The LCP information and the data that has been encapsulated from the higher layers. The default size of this field is 1500 bytes, but PPP implementations can negotiate a larger size for this field.
• Frame Check Sequence (FCS)-Two bytes by default, but can be as large as four bytes; uses a cyclical redundancy check (CRC) to verify the integrity of the frame and ensure that it was not corrupted during transmission
• Flag-Binary sequence 01111110 that identifies the end of the data frame,
What are the components of the Cisco Frame Relay frame?
(26) VerifiedThe Frame Relay frame format has the following specific parts:
• Flag-An eight-bit binary sequence (01111110) that indicates the start of the data frame
• Address-Two to four bytes that contain several pieces of Frame Relay information
• Ethertype-Identifies the type of higher-layer protocol being encapsulated (IP, IPX, or AppleTalk); this data field is specific to the Cisco proprietary frame format
• Data-A variable-length field that contains the information from the higher layers encapsulated in the Frame Relay frame
• FCS-frame check sequence (FCS) or cyclical redundancy check (CRC), a mathematical computation placed at the end of the frame and used to ensure that the frame was not corrupted during transmission
• Flag-An eight-bit binary sequence (01111110) that indicates the end of the data frame,
Briefly describe the various Frame Relay topologies.
(30) VerifiedFrame relay can use many different WAN topologies: peer (point-to-point), star (hub and spoke), partial mesh, or full mesh physical topology. The peer topology is like the bus LAN topology; nodes are simply strung along in a daisychained fashion. Very often, only two routers will be connected. This is the simplest WAN topology, and is the least expensive and easiest to configure. The disadvantage to the peer WAN topology is that a failure between nodes will affect the WAN; there is no redundancy. The star is the most popular Frame Relay topology. One router functions as a central point, or hub, in a simple hierarchical configuration. All other devices are connected to the central router as spokes would connect to a hub. Typically the network administrator will configure the central router with a single interface that makes a multipoint connection to all other routers. The full mesh is the most expensive topology to implement because each router has a direct connection to every other router. While this offers the most redundancy, it is extremely expensive to implement. The partial mesh allows redundancy for critical connections while being less expensive than the full mesh. Essentially, any Frame Relay topology that is not a star or a full mesh is a partial mesh.
Once you have completed configuring your PPP interface, you can verify the changes using the ____ command.
(41) The Frame Relay ____ topology allows redundancy for critical connections.
(41) The Frame Relay ____ topology is like the bus LAN topology; nodes are simply strung along in a daisychained fashion.
(33) The benefit of multilink is that you can combine the bandwidth of two separate devices over one logical connection.
(31) LMI uses ____ packets (sent every 10 seconds by default) to verify the Frame Relay link and to ensure the flow of data.
(29) The ____ is used at the Data Link layer to establish, configure, and test the connection.
(29) When the sum of the data arriving over all virtual circuits exceeds the access rate, the situation is called ____.
(35) PPP, like many WAN technologies, is based on the ___________________________________ protocol.
(43) In a production environment, you can use the ____ command from interface configuration mode, which will automatically shut down that interface when looping is detected.
(36) A(n) ____ implementation prevents routing update information received on one physical interface from being rebroadcast to other devices through that same physical interface.
(31) The ITU-T was formerly known as the ____________________________________________________________, which is the primary international organization for fostering cooperative standards for telecommunications equipment and systems.
(29) The ____ command associates the DLCI numbers with a specific subinterface.
(35) 
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