Question 1

A major advantage of S data is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only a trained personality psychologist can interpret S data 
B)  the best information about personality is obtainable from real-life social outcomes 
C)  you are the world's best expert about your own personality 
D)  to assess personality, you must observe what the person actually does 
A)  only a trained personality psychologist can interpret S data 
B)  the best information about personality is obtainable from real-life social outcomes 
C)  you are the world's best expert about your own personality 
D)  to assess personality, you must observe what the person actually does C

Question 2

Which design is best suited for addressing the third-variable problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  correlational 
C)  case study 
D)  repeated measures 
A)  experimental 
B)  correlational 
C)  case study 
D)  repeated measures A

Question 3

According to principles described in the text,it would be relatively difficult to create a reliable measure of attitudes toward ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  paper clips 
B)  casual sexual encounters 
C)  outgroup members 
D)  the self (like self-esteem) 
A)  paper clips 
B)  casual sexual encounters 
C)  outgroup members 
D)  the self (like self-esteem) A

Question 4

Which of the following types of personality data is the most objective and verifiable?

Accepted Answer

A)  S 
B)  B 
C)  I 
D)  L 
A)  S 
B)  B 
C)  I 
D)  L

Question 5

Different informants may not agree about the personality of a common target individual because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  each judge may see the target person in only a limited number of social contexts 
B)  judges may form a mistaken impression based on the recollection of a single, uncharacteristic behavior 
C)  some informants may have biases that affect the accuracy of their judgments 
D)  all of the above 
A)  each judge may see the target person in only a limited number of social contexts 
B)  judges may form a mistaken impression based on the recollection of a single, uncharacteristic behavior 
C)  some informants may have biases that affect the accuracy of their judgments 
D)  all of the above

Question 6

Match the most relevant term with each definition.
-Combining many items in a test to eliminate idiosyncrasies of any one item

Accepted Answer

A) Reliable 
B) Valid 
C) Generalizable 
D) Measurement error 
E) Aggregation
F)Precision 
A) Reliable 
B) Valid 
C) Generalizable 
D) Measurement error 
E) Aggregation
F)Precision

Question 7

To conduct an experimental study of the causal effect smoking has on physical health,we would have to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  find a group of smokers and compare their physical health to a group of nonsmokers 
B)  randomly assign some people to a smoking condition and some others to a control condition 
C)  compare the physical health of a heavy smoker to the physical health of a person who has never smoked 
D)  teach one group of people to adopt good health habits and see if they are more likely to begin smoking than a group of people who have not been taught good health habits 
A)  find a group of smokers and compare their physical health to a group of nonsmokers 
B)  randomly assign some people to a smoking condition and some others to a control condition 
C)  compare the physical health of a heavy smoker to the physical health of a person who has never smoked 
D)  teach one group of people to adopt good health habits and see if they are more likely to begin smoking than a group of people who have not been taught good health habits

Question 8

Records of employee absenteeism are what type of data?

Accepted Answer

A)  S 
B)  B 
C)  I 
D)  L 
A)  S 
B)  B 
C)  I 
D)  L

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of B data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct observations require little in the way of psychological interpretation. 
B)  Direct observations are easily quantifiable. 
C)  Direct observations can be made with extreme precision, as in the case of reaction times. 
D)  Psychologists can construct situations to elicit particular behaviors. 
A)  Direct observations require little in the way of psychological interpretation. 
B)  Direct observations are easily quantifiable. 
C)  Direct observations can be made with extreme precision, as in the case of reaction times. 
D)  Psychologists can construct situations to elicit particular behaviors.

Question 10

A researcher asks participants to imagine that they have been excluded from their circle of friends and then takes images of their brains using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)scanning technology.The images generated in this study would be considered ________ data.

Accepted Answer

A)  experience sampling 
B)  experimental B 
C)  L 
D)  projective 
A)  experience sampling 
B)  experimental B 
C)  L 
D)  projective

Question 11

Which of the following would be an example of natural B data?

Accepted Answer

A)  observations of the number of times a subject told a joke in a day 
B)  number of seconds a subject waits before seeking help in an experimental emergency situation 
C)  a subject's verbal responses to a Rorschach test 
D)  number of times a subject interrupts others during a videotaped laboratory situation 
A)  observations of the number of times a subject told a joke in a day 
B)  number of seconds a subject waits before seeking help in an experimental emergency situation 
C)  a subject's verbal responses to a Rorschach test 
D)  number of times a subject interrupts others during a videotaped laboratory situation

Question 12

According to Cronbach and Meehl's (1955)terminology,psychological attributes such as intelligence and sociability are examples of ________,whereas an IQ test and extraversion questionnaire are both examples of specific tests or measurements.

Accepted Answer

A)  constructs 
B)  valid ideas 
C)  assessments 
D)  manifest factors 
A)  constructs 
B)  valid ideas 
C)  assessments 
D)  manifest factors

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT likely to undermine the reliability of a survey?

Accepted Answer

A)  entering data into a database incorrectly after collection 
B)  the immediate state of the participant 
C)  the mood of the experimenter 
D)  aggregation of responses to different items 
A)  entering data into a database incorrectly after collection 
B)  the immediate state of the participant 
C)  the mood of the experimenter 
D)  aggregation of responses to different items

Question 14

The goal of the dissertation in the process of scientific education is to demonstrate that the future scientist ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  has memorized all of the known facts about a given topic 
B)  has read all of the known articles about a given a topic 
C)  can contribute something new to the field 
D)  can apply the technical knowledge learned in graduate school 
A)  has memorized all of the known facts about a given topic 
B)  has read all of the known articles about a given a topic 
C)  can contribute something new to the field 
D)  can apply the technical knowledge learned in graduate school

Question 15

A behavioroid measure is a combination of which two types of data?

Accepted Answer

A)  S and B 
B)  L and B 
C)  I and B 
D)  S and L 
A)  S and B 
B)  L and B 
C)  I and B 
D)  S and L

Question 16

Explain why Funder considers answers to the items on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI )to be an example of B data.

Accepted Answer

David Funder, a prominent psychologist k

Question 17

To assess the personality traits of a group of 5-year-olds,researchers use puppets to illustrate different personality traits.Children are then asked to pick the puppet that best matches their personality.This is an example of ________ data.

Accepted Answer

A)  S 
B)  I 
C)  L 
D)  B 
A)  S 
B)  I 
C)  L 
D)  B

Question 18

Match the most applicable type of data with each piece of information.
-Your own responses to the statement,"I consider myself a nervous person"

Accepted Answer

A) B data 
B) L data 
C) I data 
D) S data 
E) T data
F)E data 
A) B data 
B) L data 
C) I data 
D) S data 
E) T data
F)E data

Question 19

________ data are the most frequently used basis for personality assessment.

Accepted Answer

A)  B 
B)  L 
C)  S 
D)  I 
A)  B 
B)  L 
C)  S 
D)  I

Question 20

Recently,a group of researchers raised concerns about the use of so-called WEIRD participants in the majority of psychological studies.Who are WEIRD participants? Why is this issue a potential concern to psychological researchers (e.g.,do WEIRD participants hurt reliability)? What steps can be taken to address the concerns about WEIRD participants?

Accepted Answer

WEIRD participants refer to individuals

A major advantage of S data is that ________.

Which design is best suited for addressing the third-variable problem?

According to principles described in the text,it would be relatively difficult to create a reliable measure of attitudes toward ________.

Which of the following types of personality data is the most objective and verifiable?

Different informants may not agree about the personality of a common target individual because ________.

Match the most relevant term with each definition. -Combining many items in a test to eliminate idiosyncrasies of any one item

To conduct an experimental study of the causal effect smoking has on physical health,we would have to ________.

Records of employee absenteeism are what type of data?

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of B data?

A researcher asks participants to imagine that they have been excluded from their circle of friends and then takes images of their brains using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)scanning technology.The images generated in this study would be considered ________ data.

Which of the following would be an example of natural B data?

According to Cronbach and Meehl's (1955)terminology,psychological attributes such as intelligence and sociability are examples of ________,whereas an IQ test and extraversion questionnaire are both examples of specific tests or measurements.

Which of the following is NOT likely to undermine the reliability of a survey?

The goal of the dissertation in the process of scientific education is to demonstrate that the future scientist ________.

A behavioroid measure is a combination of which two types of data?

Explain why Funder considers answers to the items on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI )to be an example of B data.

To assess the personality traits of a group of 5-year-olds,researchers use puppets to illustrate different personality traits.Children are then asked to pick the puppet that best matches their personality.This is an example of ________ data.

Match the most applicable type of data with each piece of information. -Your own responses to the statement,"I consider myself a nervous person"

________ data are the most frequently used basis for personality assessment.

The Study of the Person

Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics

Personality Traits,Situations,and Behavior

Personality Judgment

Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Experience,Existence,and the Meaning of Life: Humanistic and Positive Psychology

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and the Social Learning Theories

Personality Processes: Perception, Thought, Motivation, and Emotion

The Self: What You Know About You

Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health

Epilogue: Looking Back and Looking Ahead

Filters

Exam 2: Personality Research Methods

A major advantage of S data is that ________.

Which design is best suited for addressing the third-variable problem?

According to principles described in the text,it would be relatively difficult to create a reliable measure of attitudes toward ________.

Which of the following types of personality data is the most objective and verifiable?

Different informants may not agree about the personality of a common target individual because ________.

Match the most relevant term with each definition. -Combining many items in a test to eliminate idiosyncrasies of any one item

To conduct an experimental study of the causal effect smoking has on physical health,we would have to ________.

Records of employee absenteeism are what type of data?

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of B data?

A researcher asks participants to imagine that they have been excluded from their circle of friends and then takes images of their brains using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)scanning technology.The images generated in this study would be considered ________ data.

Which of the following would be an example of natural B data?

According to Cronbach and Meehl's (1955)terminology,psychological attributes such as intelligence and sociability are examples of ________,whereas an IQ test and extraversion questionnaire are both examples of specific tests or measurements.

Which of the following is NOT likely to undermine the reliability of a survey?

The goal of the dissertation in the process of scientific education is to demonstrate that the future scientist ________.

A behavioroid measure is a combination of which two types of data?

Explain why Funder considers answers to the items on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI )to be an example of B data.

To assess the personality traits of a group of 5-year-olds,researchers use puppets to illustrate different personality traits.Children are then asked to pick the puppet that best matches their personality.This is an example of ________ data.

Match the most applicable type of data with each piece of information. -Your own responses to the statement,"I consider myself a nervous person"

________ data are the most frequently used basis for personality assessment.

The Study of the Person

Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics

Personality Traits,Situations,and Behavior

Personality Judgment

Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Experience,Existence,and the Meaning of Life: Humanistic and Positive Psychology

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and the Social Learning Theories

Personality Processes: Perception, Thought, Motivation, and Emotion

The Self: What You Know About You

Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health

Epilogue: Looking Back and Looking Ahead

Filters