Question 1

Describe the purpose of factor analysis.How is this technique used in personality psychology and what are its limitations?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of factor analysis is to identify underlying factors or dimensions that explain the patterns of correlations among a set of variables. It is a statistical technique used to reduce the complexity of data by identifying the underlying structure or relationships among variables.

In personality psychology, factor analysis is used to identify and understand the underlying dimensions of personality traits. By using factor analysis, researchers can identify clusters of related traits and understand how they are interrelated. This can help in developing a more comprehensive understanding of personality and how different traits may be related to each other.

However, factor analysis in personality psychology has its limitations. One limitation is that it relies on the initial selection of variables, which can influence the results. Additionally, factor analysis assumes that the underlying factors are linear and additive, which may not always be the case in complex psychological phenomena. Furthermore, the interpretation of the factors identified through factor analysis can be subjective and may vary depending on the researcher's perspective.

Overall, while factor analysis is a valuable tool in understanding the underlying structure of personality traits, it is important to consider its limitations and use it in conjunction with other methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of personality.

Question 2

The improvement in reliability gained by adding additional "good" test items can be precisely calculated using the ________ formula.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson Product Moment 
B)  alpha 
C)  Tucker-Lewis 
D)  Spearman-Brown 
A)  Pearson Product Moment 
B)  alpha 
C)  Tucker-Lewis 
D)  Spearman-Brown D

Question 3

According to the text,the last step in a factor analysis is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  calculate correlation coefficients between all item pairs 
B)  administer the items to a new sample 
C)  find new criterion groups 
D)  name the factors 
A)  calculate correlation coefficients between all item pairs 
B)  administer the items to a new sample 
C)  find new criterion groups 
D)  name the factors D

Question 4

Match the most applicable type of test with each description.
-Patients tell an analyst what they see in an inkblot.

Accepted Answer

A) Subjective test 
B) Objective test 
C) IAT 
D) TAT 
E) Rorschach
F)MMPI 
A) Subjective test 
B) Objective test 
C) IAT 
D) TAT 
E) Rorschach
F)MMPI

Question 5

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to rationally constructed personality scales?

Accepted Answer

A)  The items must all be face-valid indicators of what the tester is trying to measure. 
B)  The person who completes the form must be able and willing to report an accurate self-assessment. 
C)  Each item must mean the same thing to the person who fills out the form as it did to the psychologist who wrote it. 
D)  Items are selected with the aid of statistical analyses such as item response theory (IRT). 
A)  The items must all be face-valid indicators of what the tester is trying to measure. 
B)  The person who completes the form must be able and willing to report an accurate self-assessment. 
C)  Each item must mean the same thing to the person who fills out the form as it did to the psychologist who wrote it. 
D)  Items are selected with the aid of statistical analyses such as item response theory (IRT).

Question 6

The reason that objective tests include so many items is to increase the ________ of the test.

Accepted Answer

A)  criterion-related validity 
B)  reliability 
C)  content validity 
D)  construct validity 
A)  criterion-related validity 
B)  reliability 
C)  content validity 
D)  construct validity

Question 7

Which of the following approaches to test construction is the most atheoretical?

Accepted Answer

A)  rational 
B)  factor analytic 
C)  content validation 
D)  empirical 
A)  rational 
B)  factor analytic 
C)  content validation 
D)  empirical

Question 8

Match the most relevant method with each basis of an objective test.
-Patterns of factor loadings

Accepted Answer

A) Factor analytic 
B) Rational 
C) Empirical 
D) Significance testing 
E) BESD
F)Interpretive 
A) Factor analytic 
B) Rational 
C) Empirical 
D) Significance testing 
E) BESD
F)Interpretive

Question 9

Match the most applicable type of test with each description.
-A job applicant answers the question "I am shy."

Accepted Answer

A) Subjective test 
B) Objective test 
C) IAT 
D) TAT 
E) Rorschach
F)MMPI 
A) Subjective test 
B) Objective test 
C) IAT 
D) TAT 
E) Rorschach
F)MMPI

Question 10

What is the first step in the empirical method of scale construction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gather lots of items. 
B)  Identify the groups. 
C)  Administer items to a large sample. 
D)  Conduct a factor analysis on existing scales. 
A)  Gather lots of items. 
B)  Identify the groups. 
C)  Administer items to a large sample. 
D)  Conduct a factor analysis on existing scales.

Question 11

How would a personality psychologist use the empirical method of test construction to create a measure of depression? What are the limitations of this technique? What are the strengths of this approach over alternatives?

Accepted Answer

A personality psychologist would use the

Question 12

A test created using the rational method yields what kind of data?

Accepted Answer

A)  S 
B)  I 
C)  L 
D)  B 
A)  S 
B)  I 
C)  L 
D)  B

Question 13

The California Psychological Inventory (CPI)was designed to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  assess individuals with psychological disorders 
B)  assess normal individuals 
C)  identify the Big Five personality factors 
D)  assess Jung's psychological types 
A)  assess individuals with psychological disorders 
B)  assess normal individuals 
C)  identify the Big Five personality factors 
D)  assess Jung's psychological types

Question 14

What is the most common method of test construction?

Accepted Answer

A)  factor analytic 
B)  rational 
C)  empirical 
D)  a combination of factor analytic and empirical methods 
A)  factor analytic 
B)  rational 
C)  empirical 
D)  a combination of factor analytic and empirical methods

Question 15

What does the acronym MMPI stand for?

Accepted Answer

A)  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 
B)  Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory 
C)  Michigan Major Personality Inventory 
D)  Michigan Multiple Personality Inventory 
A)  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 
B)  Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory 
C)  Michigan Major Personality Inventory 
D)  Michigan Multiple Personality Inventory

Question 16

According to the text,which projective test appears to have produced evidence that comes close to establishing its validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Draw-A-Person Test 
B)  Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) 
C)  Buss-Perry Aggression Q-Sort 
D)  Draw-A-Face Test 
A)  Draw-A-Person Test 
B)  Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) 
C)  Buss-Perry Aggression Q-Sort 
D)  Draw-A-Face Test

Question 17

Match the most applicable type of test with each description.
-A person interprets an ambiguous stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) Subjective test 
B) Objective test 
C) IAT 
D) TAT 
E) Rorschach
F)MMPI 
A) Subjective test 
B) Objective test 
C) IAT 
D) TAT 
E) Rorschach
F)MMPI

Question 18

The ________ method is NOT a basic method for constructing objective personality tests.

Accepted Answer

A)  rational 
B)  empirical 
C)  factor analytic 
D)  consensus validation 
A)  rational 
B)  empirical 
C)  factor analytic 
D)  consensus validation

Question 19

A psychologist administering the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)asks respondents to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  draw a person so that the psychologist may determine which parts are left out or exaggerated 
B)  describe their current level of hostility so that the psychologist can measure their type A tendencies 
C)  tell stories about pictures that the psychologist shows them 
D)  describe their perceptions of the causes of people's behavior so that the psychologist can measure attributional complexity 
A)  draw a person so that the psychologist may determine which parts are left out or exaggerated 
B)  describe their current level of hostility so that the psychologist can measure their type A tendencies 
C)  tell stories about pictures that the psychologist shows them 
D)  describe their perceptions of the causes of people's behavior so that the psychologist can measure attributional complexity

Question 20

If everybody read,interpreted,and answered an item in exactly the same way,then that item ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  would not be very useful for the assessment of individual differences 
B)  would be very informative about personality 
C)  was developed using the rational method of test construction 
D)  is empirically derived 
A)  would not be very useful for the assessment of individual differences 
B)  would be very informative about personality 
C)  was developed using the rational method of test construction 
D)  is empirically derived

Describe the purpose of factor analysis.How is this technique used in personality psychology and what are its limitations?

The improvement in reliability gained by adding additional "good" test items can be precisely calculated using the ________ formula.

According to the text,the last step in a factor analysis is to ________.

Match the most applicable type of test with each description. -Patients tell an analyst what they see in an inkblot.

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to rationally constructed personality scales?

The reason that objective tests include so many items is to increase the ________ of the test.

Which of the following approaches to test construction is the most atheoretical?

Match the most relevant method with each basis of an objective test. -Patterns of factor loadings

Match the most applicable type of test with each description. -A job applicant answers the question "I am shy."

What is the first step in the empirical method of scale construction?

How would a personality psychologist use the empirical method of test construction to create a measure of depression? What are the limitations of this technique? What are the strengths of this approach over alternatives?

A test created using the rational method yields what kind of data?

The California Psychological Inventory (CPI)was designed to ________.

What is the most common method of test construction?

What does the acronym MMPI stand for?

According to the text,which projective test appears to have produced evidence that comes close to establishing its validity?

Match the most applicable type of test with each description. -A person interprets an ambiguous stimulus.

The ________ method is NOT a basic method for constructing objective personality tests.

A psychologist administering the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)asks respondents to ________.

If everybody read,interpreted,and answered an item in exactly the same way,then that item ________.

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Traits,Situations,and Behavior

Personality Judgment

Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Experience,Existence,and the Meaning of Life: Humanistic and Positive Psychology

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and the Social Learning Theories

Personality Processes: Perception, Thought, Motivation, and Emotion

The Self: What You Know About You

Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health

Epilogue: Looking Back and Looking Ahead

Filters

Exam 3: Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics

Describe the purpose of factor analysis.How is this technique used in personality psychology and what are its limitations?

The improvement in reliability gained by adding additional "good" test items can be precisely calculated using the ________ formula.

According to the text,the last step in a factor analysis is to ________.

Match the most applicable type of test with each description. -Patients tell an analyst what they see in an inkblot.

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to rationally constructed personality scales?

The reason that objective tests include so many items is to increase the ________ of the test.

Which of the following approaches to test construction is the most atheoretical?

Match the most relevant method with each basis of an objective test. -Patterns of factor loadings

Match the most applicable type of test with each description. -A job applicant answers the question "I am shy."

What is the first step in the empirical method of scale construction?

How would a personality psychologist use the empirical method of test construction to create a measure of depression? What are the limitations of this technique? What are the strengths of this approach over alternatives?

A test created using the rational method yields what kind of data?

The California Psychological Inventory (CPI)was designed to ________.

What is the most common method of test construction?

What does the acronym MMPI stand for?

According to the text,which projective test appears to have produced evidence that comes close to establishing its validity?

Match the most applicable type of test with each description. -A person interprets an ambiguous stimulus.

The ________ method is NOT a basic method for constructing objective personality tests.

A psychologist administering the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)asks respondents to ________.

If everybody read,interpreted,and answered an item in exactly the same way,then that item ________.

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Traits,Situations,and Behavior

Personality Judgment

Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Experience,Existence,and the Meaning of Life: Humanistic and Positive Psychology

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and the Social Learning Theories

Personality Processes: Perception, Thought, Motivation, and Emotion

The Self: What You Know About You

Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health

Epilogue: Looking Back and Looking Ahead

Filters