Question 1

The penis and clitoris develop from the

Accepted Answer

A)  labial folds. 
B)  genital tubercle. 
C)  bulbocavernosus. 
D)  Wolffian duct system. 
A)  labial folds. 
B)  genital tubercle. 
C)  bulbocavernosus. 
D)  Wolffian duct system. B

Question 2

In which animals can temperature-dependent sex determination be overridden by steroid treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kangaroos 
B)  Alligators 
C)  Birds 
D)  Humans 
A)  Kangaroos 
B)  Alligators 
C)  Birds 
D)  Humans C

Question 3

What is the correct order in which sex determination occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, hormonal sex, morphological sex 
B)  Chromosomal sex, hormonal sex, morphological sex, gonadal sex 
C)  Gonadal sex, morphological sex, chromosomal sex, hormonal sex 
D)  Chromosomal sex, morphological sex, hormonal sex, gonadal sex 
A)  Chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, hormonal sex, morphological sex 
B)  Chromosomal sex, hormonal sex, morphological sex, gonadal sex 
C)  Gonadal sex, morphological sex, chromosomal sex, hormonal sex 
D)  Chromosomal sex, morphological sex, hormonal sex, gonadal sex A

Question 4

The sex or gender that individuals feel themselves to be is called

Accepted Answer

A)  gonadal sex. 
B)  chromosomal sex. 
C)  phenotypic sex. 
D)  gender identity. 
A)  gonadal sex. 
B)  chromosomal sex. 
C)  phenotypic sex. 
D)  gender identity.

Question 5

Describe the different levels of sex determination and differentiation.

Accepted Answer

Sex determination and differentiation oc

Question 6

An XY male rat lacking the aromatase enzyme will likely have

Accepted Answer

A)  a smaller brain than unaffected males. 
B)  a brain that is not completely masculinized. 
C)  ovaries. 
D)  feminized external genitalia. 
A)  a smaller brain than unaffected males. 
B)  a brain that is not completely masculinized. 
C)  ovaries. 
D)  feminized external genitalia.

Question 7

Define monogamy. What evidence suggests that humans are not monogamous?

Accepted Answer

Monogamy is a form of relationship in wh

Question 8

List one female (XX) and one male (XY) example of anomalous sexual differentiation and provide two characteristics associated with each.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. An example is below.

Question 9

Which of the following about freemartins is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  About 90 percent of female cattle born as twins to males are freemartins. 
B)  It is relatively easy to produce freemartins experimentally. 
C)  The gonads are atrophied in freemartins. 
D)  External genitalia of freemartins is of the female type. 
A)  About 90 percent of female cattle born as twins to males are freemartins. 
B)  It is relatively easy to produce freemartins experimentally. 
C)  The gonads are atrophied in freemartins. 
D)  External genitalia of freemartins is of the female type.

Question 10

"Masculinization" of the mammalian brain can occur via

Accepted Answer

A)  aromatization of estradiol into testosterone. 
B)  α-fetoprotein or albumin reaching the brain. 
C)  aromatization of testosterone into estradiol. 
D)  expression of the W chromosome. 
A)  aromatization of estradiol into testosterone. 
B)  α-fetoprotein or albumin reaching the brain. 
C)  aromatization of testosterone into estradiol. 
D)  expression of the W chromosome.

Question 11

The possession of gonads is called

Accepted Answer

A)  gonadal sex. 
B)  chromosomal sex. 
C)  phenotypic sex. 
D)  gender identity. 
A)  gonadal sex. 
B)  chromosomal sex. 
C)  phenotypic sex. 
D)  gender identity.

Question 12

Precocial young

Accepted Answer

A)  can thermoregulate independently. 
B)  are born furless. 
C)  have a short gestational period. 
D)  Both a and c 
A)  can thermoregulate independently. 
B)  are born furless. 
C)  have a short gestational period. 
D)  Both a and c

Question 13

What makes a particular tissue a "target tissue" for hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has DNA, RNA, and proteins. 
B)  It grows in response to hormonal treatment. 
C)  It has proteins that bind to the hormone. 
D)  Gene transcription is closely regulated. 
A)  It has DNA, RNA, and proteins. 
B)  It grows in response to hormonal treatment. 
C)  It has proteins that bind to the hormone. 
D)  Gene transcription is closely regulated.

Question 14

α-fetoprotein binds and sequesters

Accepted Answer

A)  testosterone. 
B)  estrogens. 
C)  cortisol. 
D)  DHT. 
A)  testosterone. 
B)  estrogens. 
C)  cortisol. 
D)  DHT.

Question 15

What enzymes are responsible for the conversion of testosterone into DHT and estradiol, respectively?

Accepted Answer

5α-reductase convert

Question 16

How might sexual differentiation of the brain occur independently of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Sex chromosome linked genes may produce

Question 17

How did the zebra finch gynandromorph add to behavioral endocrinologists' understanding of sexual differentiation?

Accepted Answer

The zebra finch gynandromorph, a rare bi

Question 18

Visible sexual dimorphisms are most prominent in species characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  polygamy. 
B)  monogamy. 
C)  parthenogenesis. 
D)  feathers or scales. 
A)  polygamy. 
B)  monogamy. 
C)  parthenogenesis. 
D)  feathers or scales.

Question 19

Which of the following suggests that intrauterine endocrine environment influences sexually dimorphic behaviors of adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  Female mice that had two males as neighbors in utero are more aggressive as adults than female mice that had no males as neighbors. 
B)  If >3 females are present in a litter, then all males in the litter are feminized. 
C)  If >3 males are present, then female Wolffian duct development occurred. 
D)  If males had two females as neighbors in utero, then they are more aggressive as adults than males that had two males as neighbors. 
A)  Female mice that had two males as neighbors in utero are more aggressive as adults than female mice that had no males as neighbors. 
B)  If >3 females are present in a litter, then all males in the litter are feminized. 
C)  If >3 males are present, then female Wolffian duct development occurred. 
D)  If males had two females as neighbors in utero, then they are more aggressive as adults than males that had two males as neighbors.

Question 20

Describe an example of behavior affecting hormones.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but may incl

The penis and clitoris develop from the

In which animals can temperature-dependent sex determination be overridden by steroid treatment?

What is the correct order in which sex determination occurs?

The sex or gender that individuals feel themselves to be is called

Describe the different levels of sex determination and differentiation.

An XY male rat lacking the aromatase enzyme will likely have

Define monogamy. What evidence suggests that humans are not monogamous?

List one female (XX) and one male (XY) example of anomalous sexual differentiation and provide two characteristics associated with each.

Which of the following about freemartins is not true?

"Masculinization" of the mammalian brain can occur via

The possession of gonads is called

Precocial young

What makes a particular tissue a "target tissue" for hormones?

α-fetoprotein binds and sequesters

What enzymes are responsible for the conversion of testosterone into DHT and estradiol, respectively?

How might sexual differentiation of the brain occur independently of hormones?

How did the zebra finch gynandromorph add to behavioral endocrinologists' understanding of sexual differentiation?

Visible sexual dimorphisms are most prominent in species characterized by

Which of the following suggests that intrauterine endocrine environment influences sexually dimorphic behaviors of adults?

Describe an example of behavior affecting hormones.

The Study of Behavioral Endocrinology

The Endocrine System

Sex Differences in Behavior: Animal Models and Humans

Male Reproductive Behavior

Female Reproductive Behavior

Parental Behavior

Hormones and Social Behavior

Homeostasis and Behavior

Biological Rhythms

Stress

Learning and Memory

Hormones and Affective Disorders

Filters

Exam 3: Sex Differences in Behavior: Sex Determination and Differentiation

The penis and clitoris develop from the

In which animals can temperature-dependent sex determination be overridden by steroid treatment?

What is the correct order in which sex determination occurs?

The sex or gender that individuals feel themselves to be is called

Describe the different levels of sex determination and differentiation.

An XY male rat lacking the aromatase enzyme will likely have

Define monogamy. What evidence suggests that humans are not monogamous?

List one female (XX) and one male (XY) example of anomalous sexual differentiation and provide two characteristics associated with each.

Which of the following about freemartins is not true?

"Masculinization" of the mammalian brain can occur via

The possession of gonads is called

Precocial young

What makes a particular tissue a "target tissue" for hormones?

α-fetoprotein binds and sequesters

What enzymes are responsible for the conversion of testosterone into DHT and estradiol, respectively?

How might sexual differentiation of the brain occur independently of hormones?

How did the zebra finch gynandromorph add to behavioral endocrinologists' understanding of sexual differentiation?

Visible sexual dimorphisms are most prominent in species characterized by

Which of the following suggests that intrauterine endocrine environment influences sexually dimorphic behaviors of adults?

Describe an example of behavior affecting hormones.

The Study of Behavioral Endocrinology

The Endocrine System

Sex Differences in Behavior: Animal Models and Humans

Male Reproductive Behavior

Female Reproductive Behavior

Parental Behavior

Hormones and Social Behavior

Homeostasis and Behavior

Biological Rhythms

Stress

Learning and Memory

Hormones and Affective Disorders

Filters