Question 1

The pituitary is often referred to as the "master gland," but it is itself controlled by the

Accepted Answer

A)  adenohypophysis. 
B)  hippocampus. 
C)  neurohypophysis. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
A)  adenohypophysis. 
B)  hippocampus. 
C)  neurohypophysis. 
D)  hypothalamus. D

Question 2

Describe one major endocrine gland. In your description, include where the gland is located, what its primary physiological function is, and how its hormonal messages are transduced.

Accepted Answer

One major endocrine gland is the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck, just below the Adam's apple. The primary physiological function of the thyroid gland is to regulate metabolism by producing and releasing hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a crucial role in controlling the body's energy production and utilization, as well as the growth and development of tissues.

The hormonal messages produced by the thyroid gland are transduced through a negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the thyroid itself. When the body's metabolic rate decreases, the hypothalamus releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate the production and release of T3 and T4 hormones. Once the levels of T3 and T4 in the blood reach a certain threshold, they signal the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to decrease the production of TRH and TSH, thereby regulating the thyroid hormone levels in the body. This intricate feedback system ensures that the body's metabolic rate remains within a normal range.

Question 3

Polypeptide and monoamine hormones typically

Accepted Answer

A)  bind with receptors in the cell nucleus. 
B)  bind with receptors in the cell cytoplasm. 
C)  activate a second messenger cascade. 
D)  require a carrier protein to travel through the blood. 
A)  bind with receptors in the cell nucleus. 
B)  bind with receptors in the cell cytoplasm. 
C)  activate a second messenger cascade. 
D)  require a carrier protein to travel through the blood. C

Question 4

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxytocin and growth hormone 
B)  Tropic hormones and oxytocin 
C)  Vasopressin and melatonin 
D)  Vasopressin and oxytocin 
A)  Oxytocin and growth hormone 
B)  Tropic hormones and oxytocin 
C)  Vasopressin and melatonin 
D)  Vasopressin and oxytocin

Question 5

Pheromones are an example of what type of chemical communication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autocrine 
B)  Paracrine 
C)  Ectocrine 
D)  Intracrine 
A)  Autocrine 
B)  Paracrine 
C)  Ectocrine 
D)  Intracrine

Question 6

All of the following are regulated by hypothalamic stimulation of the pituitary except

Accepted Answer

A)  calcitonin. 
B)  LH. 
C)  growth hormone. 
D)  ACTH. 
A)  calcitonin. 
B)  LH. 
C)  growth hormone. 
D)  ACTH.

Question 7

List three major endocrine glands. Give an example of a hormone secreted from each, and then list a primary function of each hormone.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but may include (1) go

Question 8

Describe the enzymatic pathway in which tryptophan is transformed to melatonin and state for each step whether it happens during the day or night.

Accepted Answer

During the day, tryptophan hydroxylase c

Question 9

Describe three different methods used to measure hormone concentrations in the blood. Provide advantages and disadvantages of each technique.

Accepted Answer

1. Radioimmunoassay (RIA): This method i

Question 10

What is the name of the hormone (discovered in 1994) that is secreted by adipose cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bombesin 
B)  Leptin 
C)  ob 
D)  CCK 
A)  Bombesin 
B)  Leptin 
C)  ob 
D)  CCK

Question 11

Hormones are secreted

Accepted Answer

A)  into the circulatory system by glands. 
B)  by every cell in the body. 
C)  into the synaptic cleft by ducts. 
D)  only during prenatal development. 
A)  into the circulatory system by glands. 
B)  by every cell in the body. 
C)  into the synaptic cleft by ducts. 
D)  only during prenatal development.

Question 12

Why was the discovery of kisspeptin significant for the field of reproductive biology?

Accepted Answer

Kisspeptin is the most potent

Question 13

Which statement about steroids is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steroids are made from cholesterol. 
B)  Different steroids all have the same function. 
C)  Estrogens are only found in females. 
D)  Androgens are only found in males. 
A)  Steroids are made from cholesterol. 
B)  Different steroids all have the same function. 
C)  Estrogens are only found in females. 
D)  Androgens are only found in males.

Question 14

Compare and contrast the properties of simple negative and positive feedback.

Accepted Answer

Simple negative and positive feedback ar

Question 15

What factor directly causes the Wolffian duct system to develop into the male accessory organs (epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expression of testis determination factor (TDF) gene on the Y chromosome 
B)  Secretion of testosterone by the testes 
C)  Secretion of Müllerian regression hormone by Sertoli cells 
D)  Secretion of estrogen by the ovaries 
A)  Expression of testis determination factor (TDF) gene on the Y chromosome 
B)  Secretion of testosterone by the testes 
C)  Secretion of Müllerian regression hormone by Sertoli cells 
D)  Secretion of estrogen by the ovaries

Question 16

List three of the four classes of hormones

Accepted Answer

Examples include pep

Question 17

One of the primary differences between hormones and neurotransmitters is that

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitters bind with specific receptor types. 
B)  hormones are expelled from the cell through exocytosis. 
C)  neurotransmitters depolarize target membrane. 
D)  hormones are secreted into the circulatory system. 
A)  neurotransmitters bind with specific receptor types. 
B)  hormones are expelled from the cell through exocytosis. 
C)  neurotransmitters depolarize target membrane. 
D)  hormones are secreted into the circulatory system.

Question 18

Compare and contrast the physical properties and mechanisms of action for steroid and peptide hormones.

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones and peptide hormones ar

Question 19

Polypeptide and monoamine hormones typically

Accepted Answer

A)  bind with receptors in the cell nucleus. 
B)  bind with receptors in the cell membrane. 
C)  produce effects within seconds following secretion. 
D)  bind with low affinity to receptors. 
A)  bind with receptors in the cell nucleus. 
B)  bind with receptors in the cell membrane. 
C)  produce effects within seconds following secretion. 
D)  bind with low affinity to receptors.

Question 20

Gonadal sex (differentiation) depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  estrogens. 
B)  chromosomal sex. 
C)  androgens. 
D)  gender differences. 
A)  estrogens. 
B)  chromosomal sex. 
C)  androgens. 
D)  gender differences.

The pituitary is often referred to as the "master gland," but it is itself controlled by the

Describe one major endocrine gland. In your description, include where the gland is located, what its primary physiological function is, and how its hormonal messages are transduced.

Polypeptide and monoamine hormones typically

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Pheromones are an example of what type of chemical communication?

All of the following are regulated by hypothalamic stimulation of the pituitary except

List three major endocrine glands. Give an example of a hormone secreted from each, and then list a primary function of each hormone.

Describe the enzymatic pathway in which tryptophan is transformed to melatonin and state for each step whether it happens during the day or night.

Describe three different methods used to measure hormone concentrations in the blood. Provide advantages and disadvantages of each technique.

What is the name of the hormone (discovered in 1994) that is secreted by adipose cells?

Hormones are secreted

Why was the discovery of kisspeptin significant for the field of reproductive biology?

Which statement about steroids is true?

Compare and contrast the properties of simple negative and positive feedback.

What factor directly causes the Wolffian duct system to develop into the male accessory organs (epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles)?

List three of the four classes of hormones

One of the primary differences between hormones and neurotransmitters is that

Compare and contrast the physical properties and mechanisms of action for steroid and peptide hormones.

Polypeptide and monoamine hormones typically

Gonadal sex (differentiation) depends on

The Study of Behavioral Endocrinology

Sex Differences in Behavior: Sex Determination and Differentiation

Sex Differences in Behavior: Animal Models and Humans

Male Reproductive Behavior

Female Reproductive Behavior

Parental Behavior

Hormones and Social Behavior

Homeostasis and Behavior

Biological Rhythms

Stress

Learning and Memory

Hormones and Affective Disorders

Filters

Exam 2: The Endocrine System

The pituitary is often referred to as the "master gland," but it is itself controlled by the

Describe one major endocrine gland. In your description, include where the gland is located, what its primary physiological function is, and how its hormonal messages are transduced.

Polypeptide and monoamine hormones typically

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Pheromones are an example of what type of chemical communication?

All of the following are regulated by hypothalamic stimulation of the pituitary except

List three major endocrine glands. Give an example of a hormone secreted from each, and then list a primary function of each hormone.

Describe the enzymatic pathway in which tryptophan is transformed to melatonin and state for each step whether it happens during the day or night.

Describe three different methods used to measure hormone concentrations in the blood. Provide advantages and disadvantages of each technique.

What is the name of the hormone (discovered in 1994) that is secreted by adipose cells?

Hormones are secreted

Why was the discovery of kisspeptin significant for the field of reproductive biology?

Which statement about steroids is true?

Compare and contrast the properties of simple negative and positive feedback.

What factor directly causes the Wolffian duct system to develop into the male accessory organs (epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles)?

List three of the four classes of hormones

One of the primary differences between hormones and neurotransmitters is that

Compare and contrast the physical properties and mechanisms of action for steroid and peptide hormones.

Polypeptide and monoamine hormones typically

Gonadal sex (differentiation) depends on

The Study of Behavioral Endocrinology

Sex Differences in Behavior: Sex Determination and Differentiation

Sex Differences in Behavior: Animal Models and Humans

Male Reproductive Behavior

Female Reproductive Behavior

Parental Behavior

Hormones and Social Behavior

Homeostasis and Behavior

Biological Rhythms

Stress

Learning and Memory

Hormones and Affective Disorders

Filters