Exam 17: The Lung and Gill Exposures Representing Toxic Concentrationsmodel for Environmental Toxicology

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What chemical formed by electrical discharges causes oxidant damage to the respiratory tract starting with the nasal epithelium?

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Ozone is that chemical and is found following electrical storms or high traffic with cars. It has been studied extensively as a model respiratory toxicant.

Why do metals that cause gill damage not only affect respiratory functions but also functions that appear in the mammal to be controlled by the kidney?

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The gill is not only the major respiratory organ for fish, but also does many of the excretory functions performed by mammalian kidneys. The fish kidney is mainly a water control mechanism. Acid-base balance is disturbed in fish due to the action on the gills and not necessarily the kidney.

Cancers of the larynx are fairly rare for most cigarette users, but marijuana smokers contract this disease. Why?

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It has to do with particle size from unfiltered burn products. Metabolism of those products can activate them to DNA-reactive carcinogens.

Why will vaping (nicotine electronically put into a vapor) increase the person's response to other air pollutants similarly to a standard smoker of cigarettes?

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