Topic
Nursing
Study-set
Understanding Toxicology

Exam 21: Toxicity to Neuroendocrine Organs and Endocrine Disruption

Exam 1: Biological Research in Toxicology3 Questions

Exam 2: Development of the Field of Toxicology3 Questions

Exam 3: Toxicology Terms and How They Relate to Organisms8 Questions

Exam 4: Hazard, Exposure, and Risk Modeling9 Questions

Exam 5: Absorption and Transport of Toxicants Through Membranes: Toxic Damage to Membranes5 Questions

Exam 6: Receptor-Mediated Toxicities on the Outside of Cells4 Questions

Exam 7: Detoxication and Activation by Cells: Metabolism of the Original Toxicant9 Questions

Exam 8: Damage to Cytosolic and Endoplasmic Reticulum Activities6 Questions

Exam 9: Damage to Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Activities5 Questions

Exam 10: Damage to Nuclear Structuresdna: Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis7 Questions

Exam 11: Selective Genetic Sensitivity of Cells to Toxicants5 Questions

Exam 12: Nutritional Toxicity and Sensitivity7 Questions

Exam 13: Routes of Administration and Which Organs Are Most Likely Impacted Based on Route and Toxicokinetic Models8 Questions

Exam 14: Forensic Toxicity Testing4 Questions

Exam 15: The Skin and Eye: Most Likely Exposure Routes and Toxicities Due to Contact Exposure and Dose Toxicities4 Questions

Exam 16: Gastrointestinal System Toxicity and Oral Exposure Gi Tract, Pancreas, Liver7 Questions

Exam 17: The Lung and Gill Exposures Representing Toxic Concentrationsmodel for Environmental Toxicology4 Questions

Exam 18: The Cardiovascular System As Conduit for a Dose Becoming a Dosage: Exposure and Toxicities4 Questions

Exam 19: Bone Marrow and Immune Organ Toxicity Via Lymphatic and Blood Transport10 Questions

Exam 20: The Nervous System and Exposure to Lipophilic Toxicants or Transported Neurotoxic Agents5 Questions

Exam 21: Toxicity to Neuroendocrine Organs and Endocrine Disruption4 Questions

Exam 22: Toxicity to Reproductive Organs and Developmental Toxicity5 Questions

Exam 23: Excretion of Hydrophilic Toxicants and Metabolites and Kidney Toxicity5 Questions

Exam 24: Dispersion Modeling in Air, Water, and Soil: Likely Route of Exposure and Most Sensitive Organism Based on Dispersion and Concentration3 Questions

Exam 25: Agricultural Chemicals Pesticides and Fertilizers: Exposure and Impacts5 Questions

Exam 26: Industrial Chemicals That Biodegrade: Organic Chemical Exposures and Impacts5 Questions

Exam 27: Ndustrial Chemicals That Change Lipophilicity but Do Not Biodegrade: Metal Impacts4 Questions

Exam 28: Industrial Chemicals That Cause Atmospheric Changes and Direct Versus Indirect Toxicity: Gases, Vapors, Aerosols, and Radiation5 Questions

Exam 29: Toxicity of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Ppcps Into Water2 Questions

Exam 30: Venoms and Injection Toxicity Versus Poisonous Animals or Cells and Ingestion or Contact Toxicity5 Questions

Exam 31: Poisonous Plants or Plant Cells and Ingestion or Contact Toxicity5 Questions

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The adrenal effects could just be a stress response. How can a scientist differentiate between stress and endocrine disruption in this organ?

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Lesions are not stress nor are cancers. Some agents such as short-chain aliphatics produce lipidosis. Mitochondrial poisons affect adrenal function and vacuolar or granular degeneration ormay result from exposure of mitochondria in the adrenal to α-[1,4-dioxido-3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl]-N-methylnitrone. Chronic damage yields atrophy, fibrosis, and nodular hyperplasia.

Why is vitellogenin expression a measure of endocrine disruption?

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This yolk protein should not be present in males and should not be overproduced in females. Feminization is a sign of estrogenic endocrine disruption.