Question 1

Responses to problems created by societal reaction to one's deviance are:

Accepted Answer

A)  role engulfment 
B)  secondary deviance 
C)  the dramatization of evil 
D)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
E)  retrospective interpretation 
A)  role engulfment 
B)  secondary deviance 
C)  the dramatization of evil 
D)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
E)  retrospective interpretation B

Question 2

Which of the following concepts represents more recent developments in labeling theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  retrospective interpretation 
B)  role engulfment 
C)  secondary deviance 
D)  positive punishment 
E)  reintegrative shaming 
A)  retrospective interpretation 
B)  role engulfment 
C)  secondary deviance 
D)  positive punishment 
E)  reintegrative shaming E

Question 3

In Braithwaite's modification of labeling theory:

Accepted Answer

A)  disintegrative shaming occurs when no attempt is made to reconcile the offender with the community 
B)  all shaming is stigmatizing and likely to increase the crime rate 
C)  higher crime rates are found in communities that practice reintegrative shaming 
D)  criminal subcultures will be found only in nonintegrative societies 
E)  b and c 
A)  disintegrative shaming occurs when no attempt is made to reconcile the offender with the community 
B)  all shaming is stigmatizing and likely to increase the crime rate 
C)  higher crime rates are found in communities that practice reintegrative shaming 
D)  criminal subcultures will be found only in nonintegrative societies 
E)  b and c A

Question 4

According to labeling theorists, which of the following processes is involved in the creation of primary deviance?

Accepted Answer

A)  association with deviant peers 
B)  criminal justice processing 
C)  societal stereotyping 
D)  self-labeling 
E)  none of the above 
A)  association with deviant peers 
B)  criminal justice processing 
C)  societal stereotyping 
D)  self-labeling 
E)  none of the above

Question 5

Symbolic interactionism calls attention to:

Accepted Answer

A)  how associations with deviant peers contribute to deviance 
B)  how symbols are manipulated by the powerful to create meanings that cast the less powerful in a negative light 
C)  how symbols are manipulated by the powerful to create wants and needs that the socially disadvantaged are unable to satisfy 
D)  how the language and gestures of face-to-face communication shape individuals' conceptions of themselves 
E)  b and c 
A)  how associations with deviant peers contribute to deviance 
B)  how symbols are manipulated by the powerful to create meanings that cast the less powerful in a negative light 
C)  how symbols are manipulated by the powerful to create wants and needs that the socially disadvantaged are unable to satisfy 
D)  how the language and gestures of face-to-face communication shape individuals' conceptions of themselves 
E)  b and c

Question 6

Identify the central concepts and propositions in labeling theory, and evaluate the extent to which it is supported by empirical research.

Accepted Answer

Labeling theory is a sociological perspe

Question 7

Discuss Cooley's concept of the "looking-glass self," and explain its significance for labeling theory in criminology.

Accepted Answer

Charles Cooley's concept of the "looking

Question 8

Net-Widening occurs when diversion has the unintended result of placing more, rather than fewer, youth under involuntary control in the community than would have been the case without a diversion policy in place.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Labeling theorists make predictions about the effects of the application of social sanctions that are opposite to those made by deterrence theorists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Labeling theory hypothesizes that it is primarily the behavior of the deviants that determines whether or not stigmatizing labels are applied to them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Compare and contrast the predictions made by labeling theorists and deterrence theorists with respect to the utility of criminal punishment.

Accepted Answer

Labeling theorists and deterrence theori

Question 12

Labeling theory has its intellectual roots in the general sociological theory of:

Accepted Answer

A)  symbolic interactionism 
B)  dialectic materialism 
C)  functionalism 
D)  cultural relativism 
E)  structuralism 
A)  symbolic interactionism 
B)  dialectic materialism 
C)  functionalism 
D)  cultural relativism 
E)  structuralism

Question 13

How do you think the concept of the looking-glass self applies to individuals convicted of a crime? Do you think the effect changes if the person was innocent? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The concept of the looking-glass self, d

Question 14

The term "looking-glass self" refers to the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)  unless we look ourselves in the mirror occasionally and take stock of who we are, we are susceptible to peer pressure 
B)  people define themselves by seeing themselves reflected in the reactions of others 
C)  our self-conceptions and how we appear to others may be very different 
D)  the way we think that we appear to others is often like the distorted image in a carnival mirror 
E)  c and d 
A)  unless we look ourselves in the mirror occasionally and take stock of who we are, we are susceptible to peer pressure 
B)  people define themselves by seeing themselves reflected in the reactions of others 
C)  our self-conceptions and how we appear to others may be very different 
D)  the way we think that we appear to others is often like the distorted image in a carnival mirror 
E)  c and d

Question 15

Labeling theorists contend that people can be taught to refrain from illegal behavior by increasing awareness and fear of the social stigma that accompanies a criminal conviction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Discuss how labeling can be either the dependent or independent variable. What does this say about the theory and the theory's testability?

Accepted Answer

Labeling can be either the dependent or

Question 17

Cooley's "looking-glass self" concept posits that even young children have an inner awareness of distinct personal desires, preferences, and abilities that is resistant to social pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What is the key concept of Braithwaite's theory? How could this concept be implemented in the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

The key concept of Braithwaite's theory

Question 19

Labeling theorists contend that stigmatizing labels are applied differentially to members of less powerful social groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Discuss the revision of labeling theory proposed by John Braithwaite. In what ways do Braithwaite's ideas overlap with those of social bonding and social learning theories?

Accepted Answer

John Braithwaite is a prominent criminol

Responses to problems created by societal reaction to one's deviance are:

Which of the following concepts represents more recent developments in labeling theory?

In Braithwaite's modification of labeling theory:

According to labeling theorists, which of the following processes is involved in the creation of primary deviance?

Symbolic interactionism calls attention to:

Identify the central concepts and propositions in labeling theory, and evaluate the extent to which it is supported by empirical research.

Discuss Cooley's concept of the "looking-glass self," and explain its significance for labeling theory in criminology.

Net-Widening occurs when diversion has the unintended result of placing more, rather than fewer, youth under involuntary control in the community than would have been the case without a diversion policy in place.

Labeling theorists make predictions about the effects of the application of social sanctions that are opposite to those made by deterrence theorists.

Labeling theory hypothesizes that it is primarily the behavior of the deviants that determines whether or not stigmatizing labels are applied to them.

Compare and contrast the predictions made by labeling theorists and deterrence theorists with respect to the utility of criminal punishment.

Labeling theory has its intellectual roots in the general sociological theory of:

How do you think the concept of the looking-glass self applies to individuals convicted of a crime? Do you think the effect changes if the person was innocent? Explain.

The term "looking-glass self" refers to the idea that:

Labeling theorists contend that people can be taught to refrain from illegal behavior by increasing awareness and fear of the social stigma that accompanies a criminal conviction.

Discuss how labeling can be either the dependent or independent variable. What does this say about the theory and the theory's testability?

Cooley's "looking-glass self" concept posits that even young children have an inner awareness of distinct personal desires, preferences, and abilities that is resistant to social pressure.

What is the key concept of Braithwaite's theory? How could this concept be implemented in the criminal justice system?

Labeling theorists contend that stigmatizing labels are applied differentially to members of less powerful social groups.

Discuss the revision of labeling theory proposed by John Braithwaite. In what ways do Braithwaite's ideas overlap with those of social bonding and social learning theories?

Introduction to Criminological Theory

Deterrence and Rational Choice Theories

Biological and Biosocial Theories

Psychological Theories

Social Learning Theory

Social Bonding and Control Theories

Social Disorganization Theory

Anomie and Strain Theories

Conflict Theory

Marxist Theories

Radical and Critical Theories

Feminist Theories

Developmental and Life-Course Theories

Integrating Criminological Theories

Filters

Exam 7: Labeling and Reintegrative Shaming Theory

Responses to problems created by societal reaction to one's deviance are:

Which of the following concepts represents more recent developments in labeling theory?

In Braithwaite's modification of labeling theory:

According to labeling theorists, which of the following processes is involved in the creation of primary deviance?

Symbolic interactionism calls attention to:

Identify the central concepts and propositions in labeling theory, and evaluate the extent to which it is supported by empirical research.

Discuss Cooley's concept of the "looking-glass self," and explain its significance for labeling theory in criminology.

Net-Widening occurs when diversion has the unintended result of placing more, rather than fewer, youth under involuntary control in the community than would have been the case without a diversion policy in place.

Labeling theorists make predictions about the effects of the application of social sanctions that are opposite to those made by deterrence theorists.

Labeling theory hypothesizes that it is primarily the behavior of the deviants that determines whether or not stigmatizing labels are applied to them.

Compare and contrast the predictions made by labeling theorists and deterrence theorists with respect to the utility of criminal punishment.

Labeling theory has its intellectual roots in the general sociological theory of:

How do you think the concept of the looking-glass self applies to individuals convicted of a crime? Do you think the effect changes if the person was innocent? Explain.

The term "looking-glass self" refers to the idea that:

Labeling theorists contend that people can be taught to refrain from illegal behavior by increasing awareness and fear of the social stigma that accompanies a criminal conviction.

Discuss how labeling can be either the dependent or independent variable. What does this say about the theory and the theory's testability?

Cooley's "looking-glass self" concept posits that even young children have an inner awareness of distinct personal desires, preferences, and abilities that is resistant to social pressure.

What is the key concept of Braithwaite's theory? How could this concept be implemented in the criminal justice system?

Labeling theorists contend that stigmatizing labels are applied differentially to members of less powerful social groups.

Discuss the revision of labeling theory proposed by John Braithwaite. In what ways do Braithwaite's ideas overlap with those of social bonding and social learning theories?

Introduction to Criminological Theory

Deterrence and Rational Choice Theories

Biological and Biosocial Theories

Psychological Theories

Social Learning Theory

Social Bonding and Control Theories

Social Disorganization Theory

Anomie and Strain Theories

Conflict Theory

Marxist Theories

Radical and Critical Theories

Feminist Theories

Developmental and Life-Course Theories

Integrating Criminological Theories

Filters