Exam 6: Attitudes: Making Evaluations About the World

Johnny was in a boating accident when he was little.Now he has an automatic fearful reaction to the ocean.Johnny's attitude towards the ocean represents a(n):

____________ is defined as a stimulus that elicits a response automatically,without learning taking place.

____________ is defined as a response that occurs automatically in response to some stimulus,without learning taking place.

We are more open to attitudinal change when are given an opportunity to affirm our core values and identity.

What have researchers found with respect to how the brain responds to positive,negative,and neutral stimuli?

Mere exposure does not increase liking in all cases.Which of the following has been identified as a time when mere exposure will likely not result in a more positive attitude?

Operant conditioning occurs through the mechanisms of reinforcement and punishment.What is a major difference between reinforcement and punishment?

Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus in order to increase a behavior.

An attitude that one recognizes and can control is known as a(n)__________ attitude.

Research on cognitive dissonance suggests that one way we could promote healthy behavior is to:

Describe self-affirmation theory and explain how it relates to attitude change.

When evaluating objects and people,research suggests we pay more attention to negative information over positive information.What have researchers proposed as a reason for this tendency? Describe research evidence presented in your textbook to support this view.

What did early research by LaPiere (1934)and Corey (1937)suggest about the relationship between attitudes and behavior?

Emma is trying to decide if she wants to exercise.She thinks exercise is important and knows that her doctor,friends,and family think it's a good idea for her to exercise.However,she is not sure if she is too out of shape to initiate an exercise routine.The favorable attitude that her doctor,friends,and family hold regarding her exercise behavior best represents which component of the theory of planned behavior?

Which of the following statements regarding the effect of observational learning on attitudes is true?

Lisa has a positive attitude toward working out at the gym.She goes to the gym to workout 5 days a week.This represents which component of her attitude?

Which of the following represents a main criticism of the Implicit Associations Test (IAT)?