Question 1

Watching prosocial behaviour on television:

Accepted Answer

A)  leads to increases in prosocial behaviour by child viewers 
B)  leads to increases in prosocial behaviour by adult viewers, but not by children 
C)  has no demonstrable effect on prosocial behaviour of viewers 
D)  leads to decreases in aggressiveness by child viewers 
E)  produces a greater capacity for empathic responding 
A)  leads to increases in prosocial behaviour by child viewers 
B)  leads to increases in prosocial behaviour by adult viewers, but not by children 
C)  has no demonstrable effect on prosocial behaviour of viewers 
D)  leads to decreases in aggressiveness by child viewers 
E)  produces a greater capacity for empathic responding

Question 2

According to the two-stage decision model of helping, ______ leads to emotional arousal while ______ is tied to a decision about how much help to give.

Accepted Answer

A)  kinship, evolution 
B)  empathy, sympathy 
C)  sympathy, empathy 
D)  dissonance, appraisal 
E)  emotion, cognition 
A)  kinship, evolution 
B)  empathy, sympathy 
C)  sympathy, empathy 
D)  dissonance, appraisal 
E)  emotion, cognition

Question 3

The more people there are present (up to a point), the less likely it is that anyone will help. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  depersonalization 
B)  negative empathy 
C)  deindividuation 
D)  responsibility diffusion 
E)  the bystander effect 
A)  depersonalization 
B)  negative empathy 
C)  deindividuation 
D)  responsibility diffusion 
E)  the bystander effect

Question 4

Cross-cultural studies of prosocial behaviour suggest that prosocial behaviour is most evident among children who:

Accepted Answer

A)  grow up in cultures which have heroic folk legends involving altruism 
B)  live in societies which forbid personal ownership of property 
C)  are required to help, for example by sharing in the care and raising of younger children 
D)  have never been exposed to television 
E)  are taught religious values 
A)  grow up in cultures which have heroic folk legends involving altruism 
B)  live in societies which forbid personal ownership of property 
C)  are required to help, for example by sharing in the care and raising of younger children 
D)  have never been exposed to television 
E)  are taught religious values

Question 5

A 'morally motivated rescuer' rescued people whom:

Accepted Answer

A)  they liked 
B)  they did not like 
C)  they knew 
D)  they did not know 
E)  all of the above 
A)  they liked 
B)  they did not like 
C)  they knew 
D)  they did not know 
E)  all of the above

Question 6

People who have harmed another often resort to:

Accepted Answer

A)  reparative altruism 
B)  warm glow of success 
C)  image repair 
D)  reciprocity 
E)  guilt 
A)  reparative altruism 
B)  warm glow of success 
C)  image repair 
D)  reciprocity 
E)  guilt

Question 7

Why is heroism difficult to define?

Accepted Answer

A)  it is difficult to assess actual risk in any given situation 
B)  not all societies have notions of heroism 
C)  it is difficult to distinguish between heroism and attention-seeking 
D)  the concept is based on perceptions and attributions rather than any specific behaviour 
E)  all of the above 
A)  it is difficult to assess actual risk in any given situation 
B)  not all societies have notions of heroism 
C)  it is difficult to distinguish between heroism and attention-seeking 
D)  the concept is based on perceptions and attributions rather than any specific behaviour 
E)  all of the above

Question 8

Feeling obliged to help someone:

Accepted Answer

A)  makes us resent the help we give 
B)  increases our desire to help 
C)  makes us happy to help 
D)  makes no difference in help given 
E)  makes us refuse to help 
A)  makes us resent the help we give 
B)  increases our desire to help 
C)  makes us happy to help 
D)  makes no difference in help given 
E)  makes us refuse to help

Question 9

London (1970) identified some personal characteristics shared by those who rescued Jews from the Nazis, including which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  fondness for adventure and excitement 
B)  social marginality 
C)  strong identification with a very moralistic parent 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  fondness for adventure and excitement 
B)  social marginality 
C)  strong identification with a very moralistic parent 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

Which factor is NOT included in the Piliavin reward/cost model?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of other people present 
B)  reactions of other bystanders 
C)  characteristics of the person in distress 
D)  degree of closeness between the person in distress and the bystander 
E)  external rewards offered by society 
A)  number of other people present 
B)  reactions of other bystanders 
C)  characteristics of the person in distress 
D)  degree of closeness between the person in distress and the bystander 
E)  external rewards offered by society

Question 11

In a study in which a confederate collapsed, holding either his chest or his knees, and either in the pathway of a pedestrian or across the street from the pedestrian, it was found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  more people approached to offer assistance in the apparent coronary condition 
B)  a fat confederate who clutched his chest was more likely to receive aid than a non-obese confederate 
C)  almost no one offered help in the bad knee condition, regardless of whether the fall occurred in their pathway or across the street 
D)  both a and b 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  more people approached to offer assistance in the apparent coronary condition 
B)  a fat confederate who clutched his chest was more likely to receive aid than a non-obese confederate 
C)  almost no one offered help in the bad knee condition, regardless of whether the fall occurred in their pathway or across the street 
D)  both a and b 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 12

The bystander effect is brought about in an emergency situation by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of others 
B)  increased galvanic skin response 
C)  apathy 
D)  vicarious gratification of sadistic impulses 
E)  insufficient reinforcement 
A)  the presence of others 
B)  increased galvanic skin response 
C)  apathy 
D)  vicarious gratification of sadistic impulses 
E)  insufficient reinforcement

Question 13

Amanda is on her way to the cinema. Near the cinema, she sees a man fall over at the edge of the sidewalk. Given the research discussed in the textbook, she is more likely to try to be of assistance if:

Accepted Answer

A)  she thinks the man has had a heart attack than if she thinks he has simply tripped 
B)  if she thinks the man is drunk rather than if she thinks he has simply tripped 
C)  she sees the man from across the street 
D)  there are other people who also witness the fall 
E)  she is a keen movie-goer, but knows that she can see the movie another time, if she has to 
A)  she thinks the man has had a heart attack than if she thinks he has simply tripped 
B)  if she thinks the man is drunk rather than if she thinks he has simply tripped 
C)  she sees the man from across the street 
D)  there are other people who also witness the fall 
E)  she is a keen movie-goer, but knows that she can see the movie another time, if she has to

Question 14

In a study of heroes who rescued Jews from the Nazis, Oliner & Oliner (1988) found which of the following motivations involved?

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy for the suffering of the Jews 
B)  social norms of their church or other group 
C)  a moral code of social responsibility 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both a and c, not b 
A)  empathy for the suffering of the Jews 
B)  social norms of their church or other group 
C)  a moral code of social responsibility 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both a and c, not b

Question 15

Studies on modelling and prosocial behaviour have shown that:

Accepted Answer

A)  prosocial models produce imitative behaviour only for the specific activity 
B)  prosocial models have no influence on the prosocial behaviour of children 
C)  children's responses to charitable models are durable and can be generalized 
D)  only the emotion expressed by the model appears to have some effect on imitation 
E)  the modelled behaviour is usually short-lived 
A)  prosocial models produce imitative behaviour only for the specific activity 
B)  prosocial models have no influence on the prosocial behaviour of children 
C)  children's responses to charitable models are durable and can be generalized 
D)  only the emotion expressed by the model appears to have some effect on imitation 
E)  the modelled behaviour is usually short-lived

Question 16

According to the _______ theory, personality traits associated with helpfulness may be favoured by natural selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  kinship 
B)  evolution 
C)  gene-culture co-evolution 
D)  cognitive dissonance 
E)  relativity 
A)  kinship 
B)  evolution 
C)  gene-culture co-evolution 
D)  cognitive dissonance 
E)  relativity

Question 17

The concept of altruism is a difficult one because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is only a hypothetical construct 
B)  only self-rewarded behaviour can be considered altruistic and it is impossible to measure self-reward 
C)  it is almost impossible to ascertain whether a given behaviour was carried out without any anticipation of self-reward 
D)  it encompasses involuntary as well as voluntary behaviour 
E)  the concept is deeply mired in religious debate 
A)  it is only a hypothetical construct 
B)  only self-rewarded behaviour can be considered altruistic and it is impossible to measure self-reward 
C)  it is almost impossible to ascertain whether a given behaviour was carried out without any anticipation of self-reward 
D)  it encompasses involuntary as well as voluntary behaviour 
E)  the concept is deeply mired in religious debate

Question 18

Those who have failed in some way are more likely to help those who know of their failure. This is about the _______ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  warm glow of success 
B)  image repair 
C)  prosocial modeling 
D)  reparative altruism 
E)  reciprocity 
A)  warm glow of success 
B)  image repair 
C)  prosocial modeling 
D)  reparative altruism 
E)  reciprocity

Question 19

When Knafo et al (2009) reanalyzed the data in the above study, they found a negative correlation between offering help to a stranger and:

Accepted Answer

A)  norm of reciprocity 
B)  norm of social responsibility 
C)  mood of the potential helper 
D)  embeddedness (emphasis on family unit, ignore strangers) 
E)  negative-state relief 
A)  norm of reciprocity 
B)  norm of social responsibility 
C)  mood of the potential helper 
D)  embeddedness (emphasis on family unit, ignore strangers) 
E)  negative-state relief

Question 20

The kin selection principle is explained in terms of:

Accepted Answer

A)  archive data 
B)  sociobiology 
C)  genetics 
D)  evolution 
E)  arousal 
A)  archive data 
B)  sociobiology 
C)  genetics 
D)  evolution 
E)  arousal

Watching prosocial behaviour on television:

According to the two-stage decision model of helping, leads to emotional arousal while is tied to a decision about how much help to give.

The more people there are present (up to a point), the less likely it is that anyone will help. This is known as:

Cross-cultural studies of prosocial behaviour suggest that prosocial behaviour is most evident among children who:

A 'morally motivated rescuer' rescued people whom:

People who have harmed another often resort to:

Why is heroism difficult to define?

Feeling obliged to help someone:

London (1970) identified some personal characteristics shared by those who rescued Jews from the Nazis, including which of the following?

Which factor is NOT included in the Piliavin reward/cost model?

In a study in which a confederate collapsed, holding either his chest or his knees, and either in the pathway of a pedestrian or across the street from the pedestrian, it was found that:

The bystander effect is brought about in an emergency situation by:

Amanda is on her way to the cinema. Near the cinema, she sees a man fall over at the edge of the sidewalk. Given the research discussed in the textbook, she is more likely to try to be of assistance if:

In a study of heroes who rescued Jews from the Nazis, Oliner & Oliner (1988) found which of the following motivations involved?

Studies on modelling and prosocial behaviour have shown that:

According to the _______ theory, personality traits associated with helpfulness may be favoured by natural selection.

The concept of altruism is a difficult one because:

Those who have failed in some way are more likely to help those who know of their failure. This is about the _______ hypothesis.

When Knafo et al (2009) reanalyzed the data in the above study, they found a negative correlation between offering help to a stranger and:

The kin selection principle is explained in terms of:

Studying Social Behaviour

Social Perception and Cognition

The Social Self

Attitudes, Ideologies and Values

Attitude Change

Social Influence

Language and Communication

Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

Cooperation and Conflict

Aggression

Social Identity, Groups and Leadership

Prejudice

Crowds and Collective Behaviour

Applied Social Psychology

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Exam 9: Prosocial Behaviour

Watching prosocial behaviour on television:

According to the two-stage decision model of helping, ______ leads to emotional arousal while ______ is tied to a decision about how much help to give.

The more people there are present (up to a point), the less likely it is that anyone will help. This is known as:

Cross-cultural studies of prosocial behaviour suggest that prosocial behaviour is most evident among children who:

A 'morally motivated rescuer' rescued people whom:

People who have harmed another often resort to:

Why is heroism difficult to define?

Feeling obliged to help someone:

London (1970) identified some personal characteristics shared by those who rescued Jews from the Nazis, including which of the following?

Which factor is NOT included in the Piliavin reward/cost model?

In a study in which a confederate collapsed, holding either his chest or his knees, and either in the pathway of a pedestrian or across the street from the pedestrian, it was found that:

The bystander effect is brought about in an emergency situation by:

Amanda is on her way to the cinema. Near the cinema, she sees a man fall over at the edge of the sidewalk. Given the research discussed in the textbook, she is more likely to try to be of assistance if:

In a study of heroes who rescued Jews from the Nazis, Oliner & Oliner (1988) found which of the following motivations involved?

Studies on modelling and prosocial behaviour have shown that:

According to the _______ theory, personality traits associated with helpfulness may be favoured by natural selection.

The concept of altruism is a difficult one because:

Those who have failed in some way are more likely to help those who know of their failure. This is about the _______ hypothesis.

When Knafo et al (2009) reanalyzed the data in the above study, they found a negative correlation between offering help to a stranger and:

The kin selection principle is explained in terms of:

Studying Social Behaviour

Social Perception and Cognition

The Social Self

Attitudes, Ideologies and Values

Attitude Change

Social Influence

Language and Communication

Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

Cooperation and Conflict

Aggression

Social Identity, Groups and Leadership

Prejudice

Crowds and Collective Behaviour

Applied Social Psychology

Filters

According to the two-stage decision model of helping, leads to emotional arousal while is tied to a decision about how much help to give.