Question 1

A measure is considered to be ________ if the same score can be replicated on different but similar occasions.

Accepted Answer

A)  valid 
B)  standard 
C)  substandard 
D)  reliable 
E)  operational 
A)  valid 
B)  standard 
C)  substandard 
D)  reliable 
E)  operational

Question 2

Cues in an experiment that tell participants what behaviour is expected are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental biases 
B)  social desirability 
C)  demand characteristics 
D)  experimenter effects 
E)  experimental fallacies 
A)  experimental biases 
B)  social desirability 
C)  demand characteristics 
D)  experimenter effects 
E)  experimental fallacies

Question 3

What is meant by the 'file-drawer problem' in research?

Accepted Answer

A)  participants unable to open a locked drawer 
B)  pertinent studies that failed to find a significant effect are not published 
C)  researchers file away data that reveal that their theory is wrong 
D)  too many studies are published to fit into a file 
E)  the experimenter cannot afford to purchase a computer 
A)  participants unable to open a locked drawer 
B)  pertinent studies that failed to find a significant effect are not published 
C)  researchers file away data that reveal that their theory is wrong 
D)  too many studies are published to fit into a file 
E)  the experimenter cannot afford to purchase a computer

Question 4

Experimenter effects can be minimized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  randomly assigning all participants 
B)  carefully controlling the independent variable(s) 
C)  using an experimenter who is 'blind' to the hypothesis 
D)  using reactive measures where possible 
E)  using an adequate and representative sample 
A)  randomly assigning all participants 
B)  carefully controlling the independent variable(s) 
C)  using an experimenter who is 'blind' to the hypothesis 
D)  using reactive measures where possible 
E)  using an adequate and representative sample

Question 5

Which of the following might not allow clear causal inferences?

Accepted Answer

A)  field studies 
B)  case studies 
C)  archival methods 
D)  non-experimental methods in general 
E)  all of the above 
A)  field studies 
B)  case studies 
C)  archival methods 
D)  non-experimental methods in general 
E)  all of the above

Question 6

A researcher examines all published studies of research on the effects of violent films on laboratory measures of aggression and concludes that taken as a whole, these data support the hypothesis that media violence elicits aggression. This analysis would appear to be a:

Accepted Answer

A)  control group post hoc analysis 
B)  weighted group statistical design 
C)  meta-analysis 
D)  multiple study quasi-experiment 
E)  longitudinal study 
A)  control group post hoc analysis 
B)  weighted group statistical design 
C)  meta-analysis 
D)  multiple study quasi-experiment 
E)  longitudinal study

Question 7

What is the advantage of the correlational method over the experimental method? The correlational method:

Accepted Answer

A)  is the one in which participants can be randomly assigned 
B)  better detects causes 
C)  overcomes third variable problems 
D)  is more useful in studying stability of behaviour over time 
E)  both a and b 
A)  is the one in which participants can be randomly assigned 
B)  better detects causes 
C)  overcomes third variable problems 
D)  is more useful in studying stability of behaviour over time 
E)  both a and b

Question 8

According to ethical guidelines, participants in research must:

Accepted Answer

A)  be randomly assigned 
B)  not be volunteers 
C)  be protected from harm 
D)  give their consent 
E)  both c and d 
A)  be randomly assigned 
B)  not be volunteers 
C)  be protected from harm 
D)  give their consent 
E)  both c and d

Question 9

A measure which can be used without participants being aware that a measurement is being made is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  a reactive measure 
B)  an independent variable 
C)  an artifact 
D)  a non-reactive measure 
E)  an extraneous variable 
A)  a reactive measure 
B)  an independent variable 
C)  an artifact 
D)  a non-reactive measure 
E)  an extraneous variable

Question 10

Meta-analysis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a process by which more than one researcher carefully reviews the same data 
B)  the analysis that a journal editor carries out in order to see if a given research article fits in with other research to be included in a given issue 
C)  a statistical technique in which each of a number of studies of a phenomenon is treated as a single observation 
D)  a statistical technique whereby individual participants are treated as groups 
E)  a technique which allows the researcher to establish the validity of a particular experimental approach 
A)  a process by which more than one researcher carefully reviews the same data 
B)  the analysis that a journal editor carries out in order to see if a given research article fits in with other research to be included in a given issue 
C)  a statistical technique in which each of a number of studies of a phenomenon is treated as a single observation 
D)  a statistical technique whereby individual participants are treated as groups 
E)  a technique which allows the researcher to establish the validity of a particular experimental approach

Question 11

An experimenter wants to study the effects of new and more restrictive gun control laws on attitudes towards hunting. Six months prior to the enactment of the new legislation, a sample of citizens is interviewed with respect of attitudes about the appropriateness of allowing people to kill animals for sport and about the justification for allowing hunters to own powerful weapons. The same people are interviewed with respect to these same themes six months after enactment of the legislation. This research would seem to be an example of which of the following methods?

Accepted Answer

A)  case study 
B)  control group post-test design 
C)  field experiment 
D)  closed questionnaire study 
E)  single group pre-test/post-test design 
A)  case study 
B)  control group post-test design 
C)  field experiment 
D)  closed questionnaire study 
E)  single group pre-test/post-test design

Question 12

A hypothetical construct is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a variable which is used temporarily as we sketch out a theory, but is later replaced by a real construct 
B)  a variable which is assumed to exist but cannot be directly measured 
C)  a variable which is still subject to dispute among researchers 
D)  a variable which is used to generate a hypothesis 
E)  both a and c 
A)  a variable which is used temporarily as we sketch out a theory, but is later replaced by a real construct 
B)  a variable which is assumed to exist but cannot be directly measured 
C)  a variable which is still subject to dispute among researchers 
D)  a variable which is used to generate a hypothesis 
E)  both a and c

Question 13

Social psychology is defined as how our thoughts, feelings and actions are influenced by the ________ presence of others.

Accepted Answer

A)  actual 
B)  imagined 
C)  implied 
D)  all of above 
E)  only a and c 
A)  actual 
B)  imagined 
C)  implied 
D)  all of above 
E)  only a and c

Question 14

'On a hot day people walk less'. This statement expresses what kind of correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative 
B)  zero 
C)  positive 
D)  direct 
E)  misdirected 
A)  negative 
B)  zero 
C)  positive 
D)  direct 
E)  misdirected

Question 15

In quasi-experiments:

Accepted Answer

A)  the researcher has no control over the independent variable 
B)  the researcher can randomly assign participants to conditions 
C)  only correlational analyses are possible 
D)  participants are assigned to conditions 
E)  participants, rather than the experimenter, control the independent variable(s) 
A)  the researcher has no control over the independent variable 
B)  the researcher can randomly assign participants to conditions 
C)  only correlational analyses are possible 
D)  participants are assigned to conditions 
E)  participants, rather than the experimenter, control the independent variable(s)

Question 16

A reliable measure:

Accepted Answer

A)  produces the same score repeatedly with the same instrument 
B)  does not allow any interaction between the subject and the experimenter 
C)  reflects the subject's underlying beliefs 
D)  should only be used with mature participants 
E)  measures what it is supposed to measure 
A)  produces the same score repeatedly with the same instrument 
B)  does not allow any interaction between the subject and the experimenter 
C)  reflects the subject's underlying beliefs 
D)  should only be used with mature participants 
E)  measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 17

In terms of the history and current development of social psychology, Moghaddam defines three 'worlds'. They are:

Accepted Answer

A)  USA, other industrialized nations, developing nations 
B)  the West, Oriental nations, Islamic nations 
C)  USA, Europe, rest of the world 
D)  industrialized nations, Latin America, Asia 
E)  West, East, South 
A)  USA, other industrialized nations, developing nations 
B)  the West, Oriental nations, Islamic nations 
C)  USA, Europe, rest of the world 
D)  industrialized nations, Latin America, Asia 
E)  West, East, South

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the correlational approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  the manipulation of independent variables is required 
B)  the researcher can be certain of what causes what 
C)  it allows for the study of a large number of variables at the same time 
D)  minimal attention is paid to relationships between variables 
E)  the main variables are causally connected 
A)  the manipulation of independent variables is required 
B)  the researcher can be certain of what causes what 
C)  it allows for the study of a large number of variables at the same time 
D)  minimal attention is paid to relationships between variables 
E)  the main variables are causally connected

Question 19

Respecting people's right to privacy is not usually a problem in the following research:

Accepted Answer

A)  case studies 
B)  experiments 
C)  field experiments 
D)  field studies 
E)  none of the above 
A)  case studies 
B)  experiments 
C)  field experiments 
D)  field studies 
E)  none of the above

Question 20

Regression analysis:

Accepted Answer

A)  is an extension of correlation analysis 
B)  involves more than two variables 
C)  shows the relative importance of each variable in terms of the variable being examined 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  is an extension of correlation analysis 
B)  involves more than two variables 
C)  shows the relative importance of each variable in terms of the variable being examined 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

A measure is considered to be ________ if the same score can be replicated on different but similar occasions.

Cues in an experiment that tell participants what behaviour is expected are referred to as:

What is meant by the 'file-drawer problem' in research?

Experimenter effects can be minimized by:

Which of the following might not allow clear causal inferences?

A researcher examines all published studies of research on the effects of violent films on laboratory measures of aggression and concludes that taken as a whole, these data support the hypothesis that media violence elicits aggression. This analysis would appear to be a:

What is the advantage of the correlational method over the experimental method? The correlational method:

According to ethical guidelines, participants in research must:

A measure which can be used without participants being aware that a measurement is being made is called:

Meta-analysis is:

A hypothetical construct is:

Social psychology is defined as how our thoughts, feelings and actions are influenced by the ________ presence of others.

'On a hot day people walk less'. This statement expresses what kind of correlation?

In quasi-experiments:

A reliable measure:

In terms of the history and current development of social psychology, Moghaddam defines three 'worlds'. They are:

Which of the following is true of the correlational approach?

Respecting people's right to privacy is not usually a problem in the following research:

Regression analysis:

Social Perception and Cognition

The Social Self

Attitudes, Ideologies and Values

Attitude Change

Social Influence

Language and Communication

Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

Prosocial Behaviour

Cooperation and Conflict

Aggression

Social Identity, Groups and Leadership

Prejudice

Crowds and Collective Behaviour

Applied Social Psychology

Filters

Exam 1: Studying Social Behaviour

A measure is considered to be ________ if the same score can be replicated on different but similar occasions.

Cues in an experiment that tell participants what behaviour is expected are referred to as:

What is meant by the 'file-drawer problem' in research?

Experimenter effects can be minimized by:

Which of the following might not allow clear causal inferences?

A researcher examines all published studies of research on the effects of violent films on laboratory measures of aggression and concludes that taken as a whole, these data support the hypothesis that media violence elicits aggression. This analysis would appear to be a:

What is the advantage of the correlational method over the experimental method? The correlational method:

According to ethical guidelines, participants in research must:

A measure which can be used without participants being aware that a measurement is being made is called:

Meta-analysis is:

A hypothetical construct is:

Social psychology is defined as how our thoughts, feelings and actions are influenced by the ________ presence of others.

'On a hot day people walk less'. This statement expresses what kind of correlation?

In quasi-experiments:

A reliable measure:

In terms of the history and current development of social psychology, Moghaddam defines three 'worlds'. They are:

Which of the following is true of the correlational approach?

Respecting people's right to privacy is not usually a problem in the following research:

Regression analysis:

Social Perception and Cognition

The Social Self

Attitudes, Ideologies and Values

Attitude Change

Social Influence

Language and Communication

Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

Prosocial Behaviour

Cooperation and Conflict

Aggression

Social Identity, Groups and Leadership

Prejudice

Crowds and Collective Behaviour

Applied Social Psychology

Filters