Question 1

______ holds that the victim is in some way responsible for the victimization.

Accepted Answer

Victim precipitation theory

Question 2

______ holds that the lifestyle of a person determines whether he or she becomes a victim.

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle exposure theory

Question 3

An individual whose personal and professional life continually exposes the individual to crime is known as a__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  medium-exposure victim 
B)  high-exposure victim 
C)  low-exposure offender 
D)  high-exposure offender 
E)  low-exposure victim 
A)  medium-exposure victim 
B)  high-exposure victim 
C)  low-exposure offender 
D)  high-exposure offender 
E)  low-exposure victim B

Question 4

____________ refers to the activities of a victim that make the individual susceptible to crime.

Accepted Answer

A)  Victim proneness 
B)  Victim contribution 
C)  Victim provocation 
D)  Victim profile 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Victim proneness 
B)  Victim contribution 
C)  Victim provocation 
D)  Victim profile 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

Routine activity theory holds that for crime to be committed, two elements must be present-a ______ and a ______-and one element must be absent, that is, a ______.

Accepted Answer

motivated offender;

Question 6

A ______ is an action of an offender that is designed to evade detection and capture by authorities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ______ is an action of an...

Question 7

Criminogenic is the term used to describe a state or situation that causes or tends to cause crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

___________ refers to the characteristics of a victim that make the individual more likely than others to become a victim of a crime.

Accepted Answer

A)  Victim proneness 
B)  Victim contribution 
C)  Victim provocation 
D)  Victim profile 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Victim proneness 
B)  Victim contribution 
C)  Victim provocation 
D)  Victim profile 
E)  None of the above

Question 9

An individual whose personal and professional life does not expose the individual to crime is known as a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  low-exposure victim 
B)  medium-exposure victim 
C)  high-exposure victim 
D)  low-exposure offender 
E)  high-exposure offender 
A)  low-exposure victim 
B)  medium-exposure victim 
C)  high-exposure victim 
D)  low-exposure offender 
E)  high-exposure offender

Question 10

Physical guardianship refers to the presence of third parties that could discourage crime because of their presence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

______ refers to the vulnerability to detection and apprehension because of personality traits of the criminal and the environment within which the criminal operates.

Accepted Answer

Situationa

Question 12

_______ refers to the scientific study of online victimization, the impact of the cybercrime on the cybervictims, and the types of victims who experience cybercrime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ refers to the scientific study of...

Question 13

Tertiary cybervictimization refers to the impact of cybercrime on society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

______ occurs when the victim experiences victimization from the negative attitudes and behaviors of others after the crime or cybercrime.

Accepted Answer

Secondary

Question 15

__________ is a theory of victimology.

Accepted Answer

A)  Expected utility theory 
B)  Rational choice theory 
C)  Social control theory 
D)  Lifestyle exposure theory 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Expected utility theory 
B)  Rational choice theory 
C)  Social control theory 
D)  Lifestyle exposure theory 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

With primary cybervictimization, the victim is the indirect target of the crime secondary cybervictimization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Passive physical guardianship includes protective measures that largely go unnoticed by users and automatically shape users' behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

_________ is a theory of victimology.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social learning theory 
B)  Strain theory 
C)  Routine activity theory 
D)  Anomie theory 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Social learning theory 
B)  Strain theory 
C)  Routine activity theory 
D)  Anomie theory 
E)  All of the above

Question 19

______ refers to the likelihood of detection and capture of an offender through the offender's MO.

Accepted Answer

Modus oper

Question 20

Social guardianship refers to the measures taken to protect a user and his or her digital devices and frustrate the attempts of cybercriminals to commit crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

______ holds that the victim is in some way responsible for the victimization.

______ holds that the lifestyle of a person determines whether he or she becomes a victim.

An individual whose personal and professional life continually exposes the individual to crime is known as a__________.

____________ refers to the activities of a victim that make the individual susceptible to crime.

Routine activity theory holds that for crime to be committed, two elements must be present-a and a -and one element must be absent, that is, a __.

A ______ is an action of an offender that is designed to evade detection and capture by authorities.

Criminogenic is the term used to describe a state or situation that causes or tends to cause crime.

___________ refers to the characteristics of a victim that make the individual more likely than others to become a victim of a crime.

An individual whose personal and professional life does not expose the individual to crime is known as a ____________.

Physical guardianship refers to the presence of third parties that could discourage crime because of their presence.

______ refers to the vulnerability to detection and apprehension because of personality traits of the criminal and the environment within which the criminal operates.

_______ refers to the scientific study of online victimization, the impact of the cybercrime on the cybervictims, and the types of victims who experience cybercrime.

Tertiary cybervictimization refers to the impact of cybercrime on society.

______ occurs when the victim experiences victimization from the negative attitudes and behaviors of others after the crime or cybercrime.

__________ is a theory of victimology.

With primary cybervictimization, the victim is the indirect target of the crime secondary cybervictimization.

Passive physical guardianship includes protective measures that largely go unnoticed by users and automatically shape users' behaviors.

_________ is a theory of victimology.

______ refers to the likelihood of detection and capture of an offender through the offender's MO.

Social guardianship refers to the measures taken to protect a user and his or her digital devices and frustrate the attempts of cybercriminals to commit crime.

Cybercrime and Cybercriminals: The Development of Cybercriminology

Measuring Cybercrime

Cybercrime, Rational Choice, and Emotions: Punishment and Reduction of Cyberoffending

Cybercrime and the Propensity to Offend

Cybercrime, Culture, and Inequality

Conformity, Learning, and Sources of Social Control

Constructing and Reacting to Cybercrime: Labeling and Moral Panics

Conflict Cybercriminology: Cybercrime, Power, and Gender

Interpersonal Cybercrime

Cybertrespass, Cybervandalism, and Cybertheft

Deviant Cyberacts and Public Order Cybercrimes: Paraphilia, Prostitution, Substance Abuse, and Gambling

Organized Cybercrime

Political Cybercrime

Filters

Exam 3: Cybervictimization

______ holds that the victim is in some way responsible for the victimization.

______ holds that the lifestyle of a person determines whether he or she becomes a victim.

An individual whose personal and professional life continually exposes the individual to crime is known as a__________.

____________ refers to the activities of a victim that make the individual susceptible to crime.

Routine activity theory holds that for crime to be committed, two elements must be present-a ______ and a ______-and one element must be absent, that is, a ______.

A ______ is an action of an offender that is designed to evade detection and capture by authorities.

Criminogenic is the term used to describe a state or situation that causes or tends to cause crime.

___________ refers to the characteristics of a victim that make the individual more likely than others to become a victim of a crime.

An individual whose personal and professional life does not expose the individual to crime is known as a ____________.

Physical guardianship refers to the presence of third parties that could discourage crime because of their presence.

______ refers to the vulnerability to detection and apprehension because of personality traits of the criminal and the environment within which the criminal operates.

_______ refers to the scientific study of online victimization, the impact of the cybercrime on the cybervictims, and the types of victims who experience cybercrime.

Tertiary cybervictimization refers to the impact of cybercrime on society.

______ occurs when the victim experiences victimization from the negative attitudes and behaviors of others after the crime or cybercrime.

__________ is a theory of victimology.

With primary cybervictimization, the victim is the indirect target of the crime secondary cybervictimization.

Passive physical guardianship includes protective measures that largely go unnoticed by users and automatically shape users' behaviors.

_________ is a theory of victimology.

______ refers to the likelihood of detection and capture of an offender through the offender's MO.

Social guardianship refers to the measures taken to protect a user and his or her digital devices and frustrate the attempts of cybercriminals to commit crime.

Cybercrime and Cybercriminals: The Development of Cybercriminology

Measuring Cybercrime

Cybercrime, Rational Choice, and Emotions: Punishment and Reduction of Cyberoffending

Cybercrime and the Propensity to Offend

Cybercrime, Culture, and Inequality

Conformity, Learning, and Sources of Social Control

Constructing and Reacting to Cybercrime: Labeling and Moral Panics

Conflict Cybercriminology: Cybercrime, Power, and Gender

Interpersonal Cybercrime

Cybertrespass, Cybervandalism, and Cybertheft

Deviant Cyberacts and Public Order Cybercrimes: Paraphilia, Prostitution, Substance Abuse, and Gambling

Organized Cybercrime

Political Cybercrime

Filters

Routine activity theory holds that for crime to be committed, two elements must be present-a and a -and one element must be absent, that is, a __.