Exam 6: Cybercrime, Culture, and Inequality

________ refers to the discrepancy that exists between what an individual expects in life and what the individual actually gets.

_______ is the study of the relationship between individuals and the environment.

As in Robert Merton's anomie theory, the American Dream plays a pivotal role in institutional anomie theory.

Corner boys adapt to their environment and engage in actions within their limited means and capabilities that are in line with that of mainstream society.

__________ reject the goals of society and the legitimate means to achieve them; instead, these individuals create new goals and new means to achieve them.

________ refers to a state of society characterized by normlessness.

_______ explain why these subcultures exist, what type of subculture is created, and why the subcultures persist.

Behavioral coping strategies seek to eliminate or reduce the sources of strain by actively seeking positive stimuli or avoiding negative stimuli.

_______ proposes that delinquent subcultures that emerge have beliefs, values, and norms different from those of mainstream society.

___________ reject the goals of society and the legitimate means to achieve them.

__________ conceptualized the city as consisting of five primary concentric zones.

___________ accept the goals of society and the available means to achieve them.

The middle-class measuring rod includes standards for academic performance, language proficiency, and behavior.

Broken windows theory holds that persistent disorder and incivility within a community are associated with future occurrences of serious crimes in that area.

Robert Agnew proposed ________, which explains criminality from strained experiences at individual, interpersonal, and structural levels.

Corner boys are similar to Merton's conformists.

___________ reject the goals of society but still engage in the legitimate means that can be used to achieve such goals.

_______ comprise a hacking subculture that exploited vulnerabilities of telephone switching networks, enabling them to make free-long distance phone calls.

Albert Cohen believed that individuals adapted to strain individually, whereas Robert Merton believed they adapted collectively.

_______ is a condition in a community whereby its structure and culture do not reflect the values and best interests of its residents.