Question 1

What aspect of Early Head Start is provided to families that may specifically promote infants' and toddlers' language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sufficient nutritional meals 
B)  High-quality care 
C)  Interactive games and puzzles 
D)  Playtime with peers 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Sufficient nutritional meals 
B)  High-quality care 
C)  Interactive games and puzzles 
D)  Playtime with peers 
E)  All of the above

Question 2

Young children raised in homes with professional parents may show more language development and larger vocabularies compared to children raised at or near poverty levels. What do researchers Hart and Risley suggest is a possible explanation for these differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  The researchers estimate that young children in poverty have heard 30 million fewer words in their first years of life than peers in homes with more resources. 
B)  The researchers found that children with more resources have richer play environments, with a greater variety of toys. 
C)  The researchers attribute the difference to greater exposure to environmental hazards, such as lead, that may impair language development. 
D)  The researchers found that children in lower-income homes had fewer siblings on average. 
E)  The researchers discovered that children in higher-income homes had greater access to more educational television and other media. 
A)  The researchers estimate that young children in poverty have heard 30 million fewer words in their first years of life than peers in homes with more resources. 
B)  The researchers found that children with more resources have richer play environments, with a greater variety of toys. 
C)  The researchers attribute the difference to greater exposure to environmental hazards, such as lead, that may impair language development. 
D)  The researchers found that children in lower-income homes had fewer siblings on average. 
E)  The researchers discovered that children in higher-income homes had greater access to more educational television and other media.

Question 3

At what age does infant gaze start?

Accepted Answer

A)  At birth 
B)  By 18 months 
C)  As eyesight improves after a few weeks from birth 
D)  When infants are able to understand pointing gestures 
E)  When infants have acquired their first words 
A)  At birth 
B)  By 18 months 
C)  As eyesight improves after a few weeks from birth 
D)  When infants are able to understand pointing gestures 
E)  When infants have acquired their first words

Question 4

When considering developmental cascades with language, in what ways does language influence cognition?

Accepted Answer

Language helps shape thought, the way pe

Question 5

Explain how experience with language adds to a complex neural network with words (connectionist theory).

Accepted Answer

As children learn words in different con

Question 6

Which is the most accurate summary of the case of Genie and what it taught scientists about critical period theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It presented strong evidence in support of critical period theory. 
B)  It decisively disproved critical period theory. 
C)  It provided evidence that might support the theory, but several confounding factors rendered the evidence inconclusive. 
D)  It determined that the critical period was much longer than originally theorized. 
E)  It established firmly that the critical period exists but can be shortened by abuse and neglect. 
A)  It presented strong evidence in support of critical period theory. 
B)  It decisively disproved critical period theory. 
C)  It provided evidence that might support the theory, but several confounding factors rendered the evidence inconclusive. 
D)  It determined that the critical period was much longer than originally theorized. 
E)  It established firmly that the critical period exists but can be shortened by abuse and neglect.

Question 7

Explain how infants first learn to communicate and what are the types of sounds made.

Accepted Answer

Infants begin making sounds (repeatedly)

Question 8

Which represents the order in which infants typically learn different types of words?

Accepted Answer

A)  Verbs, then nouns 
B)  Nouns, then verbs 
C)  Both nouns and verbs at the same time Nouns, then verbs 
D)  In varying order depending on the inputs of caregivers 
E)  In varying order depending on the talkativeness of the child 
A)  Verbs, then nouns 
B)  Nouns, then verbs 
C)  Both nouns and verbs at the same time Nouns, then verbs 
D)  In varying order depending on the inputs of caregivers 
E)  In varying order depending on the talkativeness of the child

Question 9

Describe how poverty and parent education may affect infant language exposure and vocabulary development (according to Hart and Risley), and offer a counterargument.

Accepted Answer

Children who are raised in homes that ar

Question 10

Which is true about the language development of children who hear two languages from infancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning two languages tends to slow overall language development. 
B)  Young children who learn two languages from birth generally show vocabulary growth in each language equal to language growth of a child who learns a single language. 
C)  Children learning two languages use the same strategies to acquire language as a single-language learner. 
D)  Their course of development in each language mirrors the course of monolingual children. 
E)  Children can readily acquire two languages even if they are first exposed to a second language after age 3. 
A)  Learning two languages tends to slow overall language development. 
B)  Young children who learn two languages from birth generally show vocabulary growth in each language equal to language growth of a child who learns a single language. 
C)  Children learning two languages use the same strategies to acquire language as a single-language learner. 
D)  Their course of development in each language mirrors the course of monolingual children. 
E)  Children can readily acquire two languages even if they are first exposed to a second language after age 3.

Question 11

Why do children begin using prepositions, conjunctions, and articles at a later age of 2-3?

Accepted Answer

A)  They require children to have a foundation of nouns. 
B)  They require children to have a foundation of prefixes and suffixes. 
C)  They require children to have a foundation of verbs. 
D)  They require children to have a foundation of both nouns and verbs. 
E)  They require children to have a foundation of morphemes. 
A)  They require children to have a foundation of nouns. 
B)  They require children to have a foundation of prefixes and suffixes. 
C)  They require children to have a foundation of verbs. 
D)  They require children to have a foundation of both nouns and verbs. 
E)  They require children to have a foundation of morphemes.

Question 12

Infants begin to babble and vocalize when parents interact with them. About what age will infants begin to produce canonical syllables or babbles?

Accepted Answer

A)  As young as 12 months 
B)  Generally between 10-18 months of age 
C)  As young as 6 months 
D)  Cooing depends mostly on quality of parenting 
E)  Even 3 year olds struggle with producing a range of syllables 
A)  As young as 12 months 
B)  Generally between 10-18 months of age 
C)  As young as 6 months 
D)  Cooing depends mostly on quality of parenting 
E)  Even 3 year olds struggle with producing a range of syllables

Question 13

The channeling of language preference and perception to one's native tongue is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  language bias. 
B)  perceptual narrowing. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  phonological awareness. 
E)  auditory channeling. 
A)  language bias. 
B)  perceptual narrowing. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  phonological awareness. 
E)  auditory channeling.

Question 14

Chomsky suggested that children are innately endowed with the ability to learn language, which he attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  language development. 
B)  the innate desire to interact with caregivers. 
C)  language acquisition device. 
D)  telegraphic speech. 
E)  behaviorism. 
A)  language development. 
B)  the innate desire to interact with caregivers. 
C)  language acquisition device. 
D)  telegraphic speech. 
E)  behaviorism.

Question 15

According to the chapter, in order to encourage _______, parents were at one point recommended to _______ rather than _______to their deaf children.

Accepted Answer

A)  homesigning, talk, sign 
B)  oral language, sign, talk 
C)  sign language, sign, talk 
D)  sign language, talk, sign 
E)  oral language, talk, sign 
A)  homesigning, talk, sign 
B)  oral language, sign, talk 
C)  sign language, sign, talk 
D)  sign language, talk, sign 
E)  oral language, talk, sign

Question 16

Which behaviors are a part of infants' turn-taking during communication with others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Words and sounds 
B)  Gestures 
C)  Coos 
D)  Smiles 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Words and sounds 
B)  Gestures 
C)  Coos 
D)  Smiles 
E)  All of the above

Question 17

An infant knows the word for an animal (doggie!) and rejects a new name for the same animal (puppy). This behavior suggests a bias of

Accepted Answer

A)  mutual exclusivity. 
B)  whole-object assumption. 
C)  familiar naming. 
D)  language acquisition device. 
E)  cognitive bias. 
A)  mutual exclusivity. 
B)  whole-object assumption. 
C)  familiar naming. 
D)  language acquisition device. 
E)  cognitive bias.

Question 18

According to research which is the best method to help infants and toddlers learn word?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prerecorded video of an adult teaching about words 
B)  Colorful videos or programming with a lot of sound effects and fast-moving characters 
C)  Live interactions with an adult 
D)  Songs that spell out words 
E)  Read-a-loud electronic books created for toddlers 
A)  Prerecorded video of an adult teaching about words 
B)  Colorful videos or programming with a lot of sound effects and fast-moving characters 
C)  Live interactions with an adult 
D)  Songs that spell out words 
E)  Read-a-loud electronic books created for toddlers

Question 19

Discuss the roles of gestures and gaze in infant communication.

Accepted Answer

Gestures are common across all age group

Question 20

A child lacks the mental capacity to solve a two-digit by two-digit multiplication problem. Which example below serves as a representation of scaffolding?

Accepted Answer

A)  A teacher tries to motivate students to think harder and pressures them in class. 
B)  Peers work together to solve the problem by skipping steps. 
C)  Resourceful children will find a calculator to aid them in problem solving. 
D)  A child asks for help from a teacher who then offers additional problems for the child to practice and develop skills for homework. 
E)  A teacher helps the child learn the first step in the multiplication problem, which allows the child to then solve the next step. 
A)  A teacher tries to motivate students to think harder and pressures them in class. 
B)  Peers work together to solve the problem by skipping steps. 
C)  Resourceful children will find a calculator to aid them in problem solving. 
D)  A child asks for help from a teacher who then offers additional problems for the child to practice and develop skills for homework. 
E)  A teacher helps the child learn the first step in the multiplication problem, which allows the child to then solve the next step.

What aspect of Early Head Start is provided to families that may specifically promote infants' and toddlers' language development?

Young children raised in homes with professional parents may show more language development and larger vocabularies compared to children raised at or near poverty levels. What do researchers Hart and Risley suggest is a possible explanation for these differences?

At what age does infant gaze start?

When considering developmental cascades with language, in what ways does language influence cognition?

Explain how experience with language adds to a complex neural network with words (connectionist theory).

Which is the most accurate summary of the case of Genie and what it taught scientists about critical period theory?

Explain how infants first learn to communicate and what are the types of sounds made.

Which represents the order in which infants typically learn different types of words?

Describe how poverty and parent education may affect infant language exposure and vocabulary development (according to Hart and Risley), and offer a counterargument.

Which is true about the language development of children who hear two languages from infancy?

Why do children begin using prepositions, conjunctions, and articles at a later age of 2-3?

Infants begin to babble and vocalize when parents interact with them. About what age will infants begin to produce canonical syllables or babbles?

The channeling of language preference and perception to one's native tongue is an example of

Chomsky suggested that children are innately endowed with the ability to learn language, which he attributed to

According to the chapter, in order to encourage ___, parents were at one point recommended to _ rather than _____to their deaf children.

Which behaviors are a part of infants' turn-taking during communication with others?

An infant knows the word for an animal (doggie!) and rejects a new name for the same animal (puppy). This behavior suggests a bias of

According to research which is the best method to help infants and toddlers learn word?

Discuss the roles of gestures and gaze in infant communication.

A child lacks the mental capacity to solve a two-digit by two-digit multiplication problem. Which example below serves as a representation of scaffolding?

Goals, Theories, and Methods

Heredity, Environment, and the Brain

Prenatal and Postnatal Health and Physical Development

Perceptual and Motor Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive and Language Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Filters

Exam 6: Language Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

What aspect of Early Head Start is provided to families that may specifically promote infants' and toddlers' language development?

Young children raised in homes with professional parents may show more language development and larger vocabularies compared to children raised at or near poverty levels. What do researchers Hart and Risley suggest is a possible explanation for these differences?

At what age does infant gaze start?

When considering developmental cascades with language, in what ways does language influence cognition?

Explain how experience with language adds to a complex neural network with words (connectionist theory).

Which is the most accurate summary of the case of Genie and what it taught scientists about critical period theory?

Explain how infants first learn to communicate and what are the types of sounds made.

Which represents the order in which infants typically learn different types of words?

Describe how poverty and parent education may affect infant language exposure and vocabulary development (according to Hart and Risley), and offer a counterargument.

Which is true about the language development of children who hear two languages from infancy?

Why do children begin using prepositions, conjunctions, and articles at a later age of 2-3?

Infants begin to babble and vocalize when parents interact with them. About what age will infants begin to produce canonical syllables or babbles?

The channeling of language preference and perception to one's native tongue is an example of

Chomsky suggested that children are innately endowed with the ability to learn language, which he attributed to

According to the chapter, in order to encourage _______, parents were at one point recommended to _______ rather than _______to their deaf children.

Which behaviors are a part of infants' turn-taking during communication with others?

An infant knows the word for an animal (doggie!) and rejects a new name for the same animal (puppy). This behavior suggests a bias of

According to research which is the best method to help infants and toddlers learn word?

Discuss the roles of gestures and gaze in infant communication.

A child lacks the mental capacity to solve a two-digit by two-digit multiplication problem. Which example below serves as a representation of scaffolding?

Goals, Theories, and Methods

Heredity, Environment, and the Brain

Prenatal and Postnatal Health and Physical Development

Perceptual and Motor Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive and Language Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Filters

According to the chapter, in order to encourage ___, parents were at one point recommended to _ rather than _____to their deaf children.