Exam 2: PART A: Correctional History

The influence of religion on early prison operations in the United States is due primarily to ______.

In early colonial towns, prisoners were often held in ______.

Which reformer sought reform in every gaol throughout England and Europe?

What was the first type of correctional facility to develop?

William Penn ______.

In 18th-century England, a person could receive the death penalty for rioting over wages or food.

Which reformer was imprisoned in the Great Tower of London for promoting his religion and defying the English Crown?

Discuss the impact Maconochie had on Norfolk Island.

William Penn proposed the Great Law, which deemphasized the use of corporal punishment and capital punishment for all crimes but the most serious.

What was the significance of the Enlightenment on correctional thinking?

Rotary jails were like squirrel cages segmented into small, "pie-shaped cells" that the sheriff could spin at will.

The use of derelict naval vessels to incarcerate prisoners began in ______.

In his 1775 census of correctional facilities in England and Wales, John Howard found that the most common types of prisoners were ______.

______ was the penal labor colony established in 1788 off the coast of Australia.

Derelict naval vessels that were transformed into prisons were known as ______.

A ______ is a rounded prison design in which multitiered cells are built around a hub so that correctional staff can view all inmates without being observed.

In Le Stinche Prison--which was built in Florence, Italy, in the 1290s--inmates were ______.

Which reformer created the panopticon?

Quaker ideas had a great deal of influence on the ______ prison system.

Which reformer was the sheriff of Bedford, England?