Exam 15: Phylogenomics and the Molecular Basis of Adaptation

Which statement accurately describes a relationship between mutation rate and genome size?

Imagine you are studying an expanded gene family in a group of closely related species,and you would like to know whether the gene family expanded long ago in the common ancestor of all the species,or whether the gene family has expanded independently,and more recently,within some or all of the species.How would you use DNA sequences from the gene family in each species to test this? (Hint: Evolutionary trees are required.)

Describe the general relationship between total genome size and the proportion of the genome that encodes mobile genetic elements for plants and animals.

Describe four possible fates of duplicated genes,and provide detail regarding the evolutionary hypotheses for how the four possible fates come about.

What is meant by adaptation from standing genetic variation in natural populations?

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the relationship between gene duplication and mobile genetic elements?

How does a gene tree differ from a species tree?

What are mobile genetic elements,and how do they affect host organisms?

Which statement BEST describes the role and importance of mobile genetic elements in genomes?

First,briefly describe the relationship between mutation rate and genome size for viruses and prokaryotes.Second,briefly describe the relationship between mutation rate and genome size for multicellular eukaryotes,if different from the first.