Question 1

Why were eleventh-century Muslim traders able to conduct business in such far-flung places as Baghdad and Córdoba?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the following. The Islamic world was unified culturally by Arabic, the language of the Qur'an and of commerce and government. Trade was also greatly facilitated by the open borders between various Islamic regions. The Islamic world's tolerance for Judaism and Christianity made it possible for non-Muslims such as the Jewish Tustari brothers to establish vast commercial networks.

Question 2

How did Charlemagne unwittingly unleash a new round of invasions into his realm before his death?

Accepted Answer

A)  He insisted that neighboring states acknowledge him as emperor of the Western world. 
B)  He sent Christian missionaries into the pagan kingdoms of his neighbors. 
C)  He destroyed the buffer states around his kingdom through his many campaigns. 
D)  He proclaimed that he would not leave his kingdom to his bookish son. 
A)  He insisted that neighboring states acknowledge him as emperor of the Western world. 
B)  He sent Christian missionaries into the pagan kingdoms of his neighbors. 
C)  He destroyed the buffer states around his kingdom through his many campaigns. 
D)  He proclaimed that he would not leave his kingdom to his bookish son. C

Question 3

Describe the use of Anglo-Saxon in written form under Alfred the Great.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the following. The king promoted the use of Anglo-Saxon (or Old English), the common spoken language in England, by having key religious works translated from Latin into the vernacular. Psalms that had been sung only in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek were now rendered into Anglo-Saxon. Books by Gregory the Great and St. Augustine were also translated. Anglo-Saxon was also used as the language of administration, even in royal writs.

Question 4

Which of the following regions did Charlemagne succeed in adding to his sizable kingdom?

Accepted Answer

A)  England 
B)  al-Andalus 
C)  Germany 
D)  Russia 
A)  England 
B)  al-Andalus 
C)  Germany 
D)  Russia

Question 5

The conversion to Byzantine Christianity of Vladimir (r. c. 978-1015), grand prince of Kiev and ruler of Rus, reflected

Accepted Answer

A)  the ambition of popes to extend their influence by offering to anoint foreign rulers. 
B)  fears of the spread of Islam throughout the region. 
C)  a trend toward Christian pacifism among newly converted monarchs in the east. 
D)  geographical conversion patterns: rulers in southeastern Europe usually adopted the Byzantine form of Christianity. 
A)  the ambition of popes to extend their influence by offering to anoint foreign rulers. 
B)  fears of the spread of Islam throughout the region. 
C)  a trend toward Christian pacifism among newly converted monarchs in the east. 
D)  geographical conversion patterns: rulers in southeastern Europe usually adopted the Byzantine form of Christianity.

Question 6

Between 750 and 850, the Byzantines fought off Muslim attacks in Asia Minor. How did the empire expand its territories after 850?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 7

Based on this map, the Vikings primarily traveled
​
  ​

Accepted Answer

A)  by sea. 
B)  on foot over land. 
C)  in small groups. 
D)  on horseback. 
A)  by sea. 
B)  on foot over land. 
C)  in small groups. 
D)  on horseback.

Question 8

Which Byzantine emperor earned the nickname "the Bulgar-Slayer" for his conquest of Bulgaria and the Balkans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nicephorus I 
B)  Basil I 
C)  Basil II 
D)  Constantine 
A)  Nicephorus I 
B)  Basil I 
C)  Basil II 
D)  Constantine

Question 9

The Treaty of Verdun (843)

Accepted Answer

A)  settled the borders between the Byzantine Empire and Charlemagne's kingdom. 
B)  established peace between the Vikings and the Franks. 
C)  divided the Carolingian Empire between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious. 
D)  divided the Carolingian Empire between the three surviving sons of Charlemagne. 
A)  settled the borders between the Byzantine Empire and Charlemagne's kingdom. 
B)  established peace between the Vikings and the Franks. 
C)  divided the Carolingian Empire between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious. 
D)  divided the Carolingian Empire between the three surviving sons of Charlemagne.

Question 10

Modern historians believe that the cessation of Magyar raids on kingdoms in western Europe around the middle of the tenth century is largely attributable to

Accepted Answer

A)  the Magyars' transformation from nomads to farmers. 
B)  a series of famines that struck the Magyar kingdom. 
C)  Otto I's defeat of the Magyars at the battle of Lechfeld in 955. 
D)  most of those kingdoms having been plundered by Vikings beforehand. 
A)  the Magyars' transformation from nomads to farmers. 
B)  a series of famines that struck the Magyar kingdom. 
C)  Otto I's defeat of the Magyars at the battle of Lechfeld in 955. 
D)  most of those kingdoms having been plundered by Vikings beforehand.

Question 11

Why did the German kings face difficulties in turning German dukes into loyal vassals?

Accepted Answer

A)  The German kings had nothing concrete to offer the dukes. 
B)  German dukes tended to be pious men who saw themselves as the vassals of Christ. 
C)  The Germans viewed vassalage as beneath the dignity of free men. 
D)  German aristocrats in the eastern part of the kingdom belonged to the Orthodox church. 
A)  The German kings had nothing concrete to offer the dukes. 
B)  German dukes tended to be pious men who saw themselves as the vassals of Christ. 
C)  The Germans viewed vassalage as beneath the dignity of free men. 
D)  German aristocrats in the eastern part of the kingdom belonged to the Orthodox church.

Question 12

In the map depicted here, which statement is justified about the Islamic states around 1000?
​
  ​

Accepted Answer

A)  Islam penetrated well into Europe in the previous two hundred years. 
B)  The major alteration in Islamic rule at this time was its fracturing into smaller states. 
C)  The Fatimid caliphate controlled much of the former Sassanid Empire. 
D)  The largest threat to the Byzantine Empire was the Umayyad Al-Andalus. 
A)  Islam penetrated well into Europe in the previous two hundred years. 
B)  The major alteration in Islamic rule at this time was its fracturing into smaller states. 
C)  The Fatimid caliphate controlled much of the former Sassanid Empire. 
D)  The largest threat to the Byzantine Empire was the Umayyad Al-Andalus.

Question 13

Why did the Carolingians enter into a partnership with the Christian church? What role did Charlemagne play in this alliance? What effect did this collaboration have on western Europe?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 14

Who were the Fatimids?

Accepted Answer

A)  A series of Sunni rulers who deposed the Abbasid caliphs from their stronghold in Baghdad 
B)  A group of Turks taken as slaves who rebelled against their masters and established a dynasty of their own in Egypt 
C)  A group of prominent clerics who put forth legal pronouncements in Islam 
D)  A group of Shi'ite rulers who established a dynasty in North Africa and Arabia that lasted for nearly two hundred years 
A)  A series of Sunni rulers who deposed the Abbasid caliphs from their stronghold in Baghdad 
B)  A group of Turks taken as slaves who rebelled against their masters and established a dynasty of their own in Egypt 
C)  A group of prominent clerics who put forth legal pronouncements in Islam 
D)  A group of Shi'ite rulers who established a dynasty in North Africa and Arabia that lasted for nearly two hundred years

Question 15

The government of which region granted freedom of worship and the opportunity to gain employment within the civil service to adherents of all religions in 929?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carolingian France 
B)  Kievan Rus 
C)  al-Andalus 
D)  Byzantium 
A)  Carolingian France 
B)  Kievan Rus 
C)  al-Andalus 
D)  Byzantium

Question 16

What peace accord between the Lombards and the pope secured the papacy's dominions in central Italy and confirmed the pope's independence from Byzantium?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Donation of Pippin 
B)  The Treaty of Boniface 
C)  The Peace of Charlemagne 
D)  The Benefice of Rome 
A)  The Donation of Pippin 
B)  The Treaty of Boniface 
C)  The Peace of Charlemagne 
D)  The Benefice of Rome

Question 17

Modern historians note that Charlemagne was a complex and often contradictory individual who

Accepted Answer

A)  was devout in his beliefs, despite rejecting the advice of churchmen on some matters. 
B)  won a great victory over the Lombards on behalf of the papacy but refused to reinstall the pope. 
C)  conquered the Saxons in the name of Christianity but failed to convert them. 
D)  inadvertently initiated the Carolingian renaissance but showed little interest in learning himself. 
A)  was devout in his beliefs, despite rejecting the advice of churchmen on some matters. 
B)  won a great victory over the Lombards on behalf of the papacy but refused to reinstall the pope. 
C)  conquered the Saxons in the name of Christianity but failed to convert them. 
D)  inadvertently initiated the Carolingian renaissance but showed little interest in learning himself.

Question 18

Analyze the political, economic, and intellectual factors that produced impressive cultural achievements between 850 and 1050 in the Islamic world. Which achievements had a lasting effect on the non-Islamic world? Explain why.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 19

How did the Islamic renaissance make learning available to social classes other than the aristocrats?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scribes used a special shorthand that enabled them to write faster. 
B)  Apprentice scribes whose work was checked by master scribes produced more texts. 
C)  Islamic scholars used paper for their scholarly writings, making the texts cheaper. 
D)  Universal literacy was one of the goals of Islam. 
A)  Scribes used a special shorthand that enabled them to write faster. 
B)  Apprentice scribes whose work was checked by master scribes produced more texts. 
C)  Islamic scholars used paper for their scholarly writings, making the texts cheaper. 
D)  Universal literacy was one of the goals of Islam.

Question 20

In the map depicted here, which statement is justified about the Byzantine Empire around 1025?
​
  ​

Accepted Answer

A)  By 1025, Byzantine emperors could again lay claim to all towns central to Jesus's life. 
B)  Though in decline generally, it expanded its boundaries in the previous three hundred years. 
C)  By this time, the Byzantines were able to conquer the central territories of the Islamic world. 
D)  The Byzantine Empire stopped its expansion where the Roman Empire did, at the Nile River. 
A)  By 1025, Byzantine emperors could again lay claim to all towns central to Jesus's life. 
B)  Though in decline generally, it expanded its boundaries in the previous three hundred years. 
C)  By this time, the Byzantines were able to conquer the central territories of the Islamic world. 
D)  The Byzantine Empire stopped its expansion where the Roman Empire did, at the Nile River.

Exam 9: From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750-1050

Why were eleventh-century Muslim traders able to conduct business in such far-flung places as Baghdad and Córdoba?

How did Charlemagne unwittingly unleash a new round of invasions into his realm before his death?

Describe the use of Anglo-Saxon in written form under Alfred the Great.

Which of the following regions did Charlemagne succeed in adding to his sizable kingdom?

The conversion to Byzantine Christianity of Vladimir (r. c. 978-1015), grand prince of Kiev and ruler of Rus, reflected

Between 750 and 850, the Byzantines fought off Muslim attacks in Asia Minor. How did the empire expand its territories after 850?

Based on this map, the Vikings primarily traveled ​ ​

Which Byzantine emperor earned the nickname "the Bulgar-Slayer" for his conquest of Bulgaria and the Balkans?

The Treaty of Verdun (843)

Modern historians believe that the cessation of Magyar raids on kingdoms in western Europe around the middle of the tenth century is largely attributable to

Why did the German kings face difficulties in turning German dukes into loyal vassals?

In the map depicted here, which statement is justified about the Islamic states around 1000? ​ ​

Why did the Carolingians enter into a partnership with the Christian church? What role did Charlemagne play in this alliance? What effect did this collaboration have on western Europe?

Who were the Fatimids?

The government of which region granted freedom of worship and the opportunity to gain employment within the civil service to adherents of all religions in 929?

What peace accord between the Lombards and the pope secured the papacy's dominions in central Italy and confirmed the pope's independence from Byzantium?

Modern historians note that Charlemagne was a complex and often contradictory individual who

Analyze the political, economic, and intellectual factors that produced impressive cultural achievements between 850 and 1050 in the Islamic world. Which achievements had a lasting effect on the non-Islamic world? Explain why.

How did the Islamic renaissance make learning available to social classes other than the aristocrats?

In the map depicted here, which statement is justified about the Byzantine Empire around 1025? ​ ​

Early Western Civilization, 400,000-1000 B.C.E

Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000-500 B.C.E

The Greek Golden Age, C 500-C 400 B.C.E

From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400-30 B.C.E

The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753-44 B.C.E

The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E-284 C.E

The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284-600 C.E

The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600-750

Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050-1150

The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150-1215

The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

Crisis and Renaissance, 1340-1492

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640-1700

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700-1750

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750-1789

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789-1799

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800-1830

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830-1850

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850-1870

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870-1890

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890-1914

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945-1960s

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s-1989

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

Filters

Based on this map, the Vikings primarily traveled

In the map depicted here, which statement is justified about the Islamic states around 1000?

In the map depicted here, which statement is justified about the Byzantine Empire around 1025?