Exam 9: From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750-1050

What factors enabled the Byzantine Empire to recover from the Arab invasions between 630 and 850 and undergo a tremendous process of expansion that lasted until 1054? In your response, please also describe the stages of Byzantine expansion.

What was the Donation of Constantine? How did it enhance the power of the popes?

Though Charlemagne was a man of tremendous contradictions, he attempted to implement a unifying vision of

After the revolution of 750, the new Abbasid caliphate moved its capital city from Damascus to

Alcuin (c. 732-804) was invited by Charlemagne to come from England to act as

In the tenth century, regional Muslim rulers became independent of the caliph, relying instead on

Who conquered and colonized the region around Kiev in the late ninth century?

Who were the dynatoi in the Byzantine Empire?

How was Byzantium able to rebuild between 750 and 850?

Why did the Abbasid caliphate begin to decline after Harun al-Rashid's death?

The Peace of God movement in the late tenth and early eleventh centuries threatened excommunication to

Why were the Carolingians unable to hold their empire together after the death of Charlemagne?

In eleventh-century Italy, individual families were organized into economic units in which

What realm did Mieszko I place under the protection of the pope in 991?

Ibn Sina (980-1037), known in Christian Europe as Avicenna,

Although much of Europe came under the control of rural leaders as a result of the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire, urban elites continued to control some areas, including

The forerunner of the modern Cyrillic alphabet was developed in the ninth century

During the Islamic renaissance (c. 790-c. 1050), rich Muslims established schools of higher learning called

Why, despite King Alfred's tremendous achievements, is it not accurate to speak of England as a unified state in the tenth and eleventh centuries?

Describe the three-field system and its advantages.