Question 1

After the battle of Lewes, in which he defeated King Henry III of England, Simon de Montfort

Accepted Answer

A)  became England's de facto ruler and subsequently had himself crowned as King Edward I. 
B)  nullified all baronial debts to the crown and redistributed crown lands among opposition barons, thereby sowing the seeds of another civil war. 
C)  convened a parliament to which he summoned not just noblemen but also, for the first time, commoners. 
D)  ruled as regent until Henry's more agreeable son, Edward I, was old enough to assume the throne. 
A)  became England's de facto ruler and subsequently had himself crowned as King Edward I. 
B)  nullified all baronial debts to the crown and redistributed crown lands among opposition barons, thereby sowing the seeds of another civil war. 
C)  convened a parliament to which he summoned not just noblemen but also, for the first time, commoners. 
D)  ruled as regent until Henry's more agreeable son, Edward I, was old enough to assume the throne. C

Question 2

What was scholasticism? What was St. Thomas Aquinas's role in this movement?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the following. Scholasticism was a logical method of inquiry developed in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and taught in universities. It aimed to reconcile knowledge gained through the senses and logical reasoning with that which was understood through faith and revelation. One of the scholastics' goals was to achieve harmony; the scholastic summa summed up the answers to all questions, and then the answers were preached by Dominican and Franciscan friars to townspeople, who were anxious to live deeply Christian lives. Thomas Aquinas was a central figure in this movement, largely through the publication of his Summa Theologiae, or Summa Theologica (1273), which covered all important topics, secular and divine, in a masterly fashion.

Question 3

Discuss the characteristics of the Gothic style.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the following. In contrast to cathedrals built in the earlier, more solid Romanesque style, Gothic cathedrals were characterized by pointed arches, flying buttresses, and abundant stained-glass windows. The stained-glass windows permitted the artists to portray complicated events, stories, and themes, including heaven and hell. Others tell of the journey of the soul from the suffering of this world to eternal life.

Question 4

Describe the process by which inquisitions attempted to find and root out heresy. What happened to those identified as heretics?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 5

In about 1340, the Holy Roman Empire controlled which of the following?
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  ​

Accepted Answer

A)  France 
B)  Germany 
C)  Hungary 
D)  England 
A)  France 
B)  Germany 
C)  Hungary 
D)  England

Question 6

What development allowed musicians to become more precise in their performances?

Accepted Answer

A)  The development of the metronome 
B)  The introduction of a system of musical notation 
C)  The development of new instruments like the pipe organ and clavichord 
D)  The use of conductors to lead large choral ensembles 
A)  The development of the metronome 
B)  The introduction of a system of musical notation 
C)  The development of new instruments like the pipe organ and clavichord 
D)  The use of conductors to lead large choral ensembles

Question 7

How did the Mongol invasion of Europe change the relationship between Europe and Asia?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 8

In the ongoing struggle with the church, how did the French king Philip IV assert his jurisdiction over southern France in 1301?

Accepted Answer

A)  By deposing Innocent's brother, the bishop of Pamiers, and dissolving the bishopric 
B)  By arresting the bishop of Pamiers for an exaggerated charge of treason 
C)  By suspending the Inquisition in Languedoc, a region Innocent considered deeply heretical 
D)  By establishing a royal court to hear appeals of cases tried by ecclesiastical courts 
A)  By deposing Innocent's brother, the bishop of Pamiers, and dissolving the bishopric 
B)  By arresting the bishop of Pamiers for an exaggerated charge of treason 
C)  By suspending the Inquisition in Languedoc, a region Innocent considered deeply heretical 
D)  By establishing a royal court to hear appeals of cases tried by ecclesiastical courts

Question 9

Louis IX's kingdom of France included which of the following regions?
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  ​

Accepted Answer

A)  Burgundy 
B)  Normandy 
C)  Gascony 
D)  Aquitaine 
A)  Burgundy 
B)  Normandy 
C)  Gascony 
D)  Aquitaine

Question 10

By the thirteenth century, the church sought to purify

Accepted Answer

A)  all of society. 
B)  the secular world. 
C)  internal corruption. 
D)  the monarchy. 
A)  all of society. 
B)  the secular world. 
C)  internal corruption. 
D)  the monarchy.

Question 11

What unintended effects did the church's new teaching about the Eucharist have on some pious women believers?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 12

What was a long-term consequence of Frederick's failed attempt to consolidate his empire?

Accepted Answer

A)  Italian cities suffered under German rule for decades. 
B)  The papacy was praised for its role in combating Frederick's expansionary quest. 
C)  Germany would not be united until the nineteenth century. 
D)  The Spanish were able to claim thrones in Germany. 
A)  Italian cities suffered under German rule for decades. 
B)  The papacy was praised for its role in combating Frederick's expansionary quest. 
C)  Germany would not be united until the nineteenth century. 
D)  The Spanish were able to claim thrones in Germany.

Question 13

Louis IX went on two crusades; for the duration of his first absence, France

Accepted Answer

A)  was ruled by a chief magistrate. 
B)  was capably ruled by Louis's mother, Blanche of Castile. 
C)  lacked effective administration, and the collection of taxes was disrupted. 
D)  lacked an effective administrator, and the papal legate took charge. 
A)  was ruled by a chief magistrate. 
B)  was capably ruled by Louis's mother, Blanche of Castile. 
C)  lacked effective administration, and the collection of taxes was disrupted. 
D)  lacked an effective administrator, and the papal legate took charge.

Question 14

What was one significant achievement of the Avignon popes (1309-1378)?

Accepted Answer

A)  They increased the power of the papacy vis-à-vis secular rulers. 
B)  They promoted costly new crusades to the Holy Land. 
C)  They established a new and efficient organization. 
D)  They opened new negotiations with the patriarch in Constantinople. 
A)  They increased the power of the papacy vis-à-vis secular rulers. 
B)  They promoted costly new crusades to the Holy Land. 
C)  They established a new and efficient organization. 
D)  They opened new negotiations with the patriarch in Constantinople.

Question 15

Whom did Dante choose as his guide through hell and purgatory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cicero 
B)  Aristotle 
C)  Cato 
D)  Virgil 
A)  Cicero 
B)  Aristotle 
C)  Cato 
D)  Virgil

Question 16

How did Edward I counter Boniface VIII's move against secular taxation of the clergy?

Accepted Answer

A)  By increasing the taxation of the nobility in order to finance his war with France 
B)  By declaring that all clerics who refused to pay the new state tax would henceforth be considered outlaws without legal protection 
C)  By coordinating his response with Philip the Fair and refusing to allow clergymen and pilgrims to leave England for Rome 
D)  By sending a deputation to Rome to negotiate with Boniface on a compromise, with pope and king sharing the taxation proceeds 
A)  By increasing the taxation of the nobility in order to finance his war with France 
B)  By declaring that all clerics who refused to pay the new state tax would henceforth be considered outlaws without legal protection 
C)  By coordinating his response with Philip the Fair and refusing to allow clergymen and pilgrims to leave England for Rome 
D)  By sending a deputation to Rome to negotiate with Boniface on a compromise, with pope and king sharing the taxation proceeds

Question 17

Which of the following proved most devastating for northern Europe in the 1310s and 1320s?

Accepted Answer

A)  The invasion of the Mongols 
B)  The Golden Horde 
C)  The outbreak of the plague 
D)  The Great Famine 
A)  The invasion of the Mongols 
B)  The Golden Horde 
C)  The outbreak of the plague 
D)  The Great Famine

Question 18

Following its conquest of Rus, how did the Mongol Empire rule that vast territory?

Accepted Answer

A)  By annihilating most of the Rus aristocracy 
B)  By leaving most of the old institutions in place 
C)  By launching a full assault on the Rus church 
D)  By sending in proxy rulers from China, which was under Mongol control 
A)  By annihilating most of the Rus aristocracy 
B)  By leaving most of the old institutions in place 
C)  By launching a full assault on the Rus church 
D)  By sending in proxy rulers from China, which was under Mongol control

Question 19

What were tertiaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Members of a three-tiered order of mendicant monks 
B)  Laypeople who adopted the practices of the friars while leading normal lives 
C)  Preliminary hearings of inquisitions 
D)  Men who founded convents for their daughters 
A)  Members of a three-tiered order of mendicant monks 
B)  Laypeople who adopted the practices of the friars while leading normal lives 
C)  Preliminary hearings of inquisitions 
D)  Men who founded convents for their daughters

Question 20

Which of the following statements explains why Italy remained divided at the end of the thirteenth century, as shown in this map?
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Accepted Answer

A)  Emperor Frederick II failed in his attempts to unify Italy under his rule. 
B)  Venetian and Florentine merchants successfully fought off the pope. 
C)  Muslim invasions from the south prevented unification. 
D)  The papacy split, with one pretender in Avignon and one in Rome. 
A)  Emperor Frederick II failed in his attempts to unify Italy under his rule. 
B)  Venetian and Florentine merchants successfully fought off the pope. 
C)  Muslim invasions from the south prevented unification. 
D)  The papacy split, with one pretender in Avignon and one in Rome.

Exam 12: The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

After the battle of Lewes, in which he defeated King Henry III of England, Simon de Montfort

What was scholasticism? What was St. Thomas Aquinas's role in this movement?

Discuss the characteristics of the Gothic style.

Describe the process by which inquisitions attempted to find and root out heresy. What happened to those identified as heretics?

In about 1340, the Holy Roman Empire controlled which of the following? ​ ​

What development allowed musicians to become more precise in their performances?

How did the Mongol invasion of Europe change the relationship between Europe and Asia?

In the ongoing struggle with the church, how did the French king Philip IV assert his jurisdiction over southern France in 1301?

Louis IX's kingdom of France included which of the following regions? ​ ​

By the thirteenth century, the church sought to purify

What unintended effects did the church's new teaching about the Eucharist have on some pious women believers?

What was a long-term consequence of Frederick's failed attempt to consolidate his empire?

Louis IX went on two crusades; for the duration of his first absence, France

What was one significant achievement of the Avignon popes (1309-1378)?

Whom did Dante choose as his guide through hell and purgatory?

How did Edward I counter Boniface VIII's move against secular taxation of the clergy?

Which of the following proved most devastating for northern Europe in the 1310s and 1320s?

Following its conquest of Rus, how did the Mongol Empire rule that vast territory?

What were tertiaries?

Which of the following statements explains why Italy remained divided at the end of the thirteenth century, as shown in this map? ​ ​

Early Western Civilization, 400,000-1000 B.C.E

Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000-500 B.C.E

The Greek Golden Age, C 500-C 400 B.C.E

From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400-30 B.C.E

The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753-44 B.C.E

The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E-284 C.E

The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284-600 C.E

The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600-750

From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750-1050

Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050-1150

The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150-1215

Crisis and Renaissance, 1340-1492

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640-1700

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700-1750

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750-1789

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789-1799

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800-1830

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830-1850

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850-1870

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870-1890

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890-1914

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945-1960s

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s-1989

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

Filters

In about 1340, the Holy Roman Empire controlled which of the following?

Louis IX's kingdom of France included which of the following regions?

Which of the following statements explains why Italy remained divided at the end of the thirteenth century, as shown in this map?