Question 1

Why were fiefs significant in post-Carolingian society?

Accepted Answer

A)  They provided an important measure of defense against Islamic incursions into Europe. 
B)  They added greatly to the number and size of monasteries. 
C)  They created bonds of loyalty and service in medieval Europe. 
D)  They effectively bound peasants to the land throughout western Europe. 
A)  They provided an important measure of defense against Islamic incursions into Europe. 
B)  They added greatly to the number and size of monasteries. 
C)  They created bonds of loyalty and service in medieval Europe. 
D)  They effectively bound peasants to the land throughout western Europe.

Question 2

What was primogeniture? What were its causes? What were its effects on western European noble families?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 3

What new mobile armies allowed the Byzantine Empire to expand outward after 1850?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tagmata 
B)  Themes 
C)  Dynatoi 
D)  Icons 
A)  Tagmata 
B)  Themes 
C)  Dynatoi 
D)  Icons

Question 4

Which of the following regions was conquered by Charlemagne?
​
  ​

Accepted Answer

A)  Burgundy 
B)  Flanders 
C)  Saxony 
D)  Bavaria 
A)  Burgundy 
B)  Flanders 
C)  Saxony 
D)  Bavaria

Question 5

Why did the Vikings often single out monasteries and churches for destruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Vikings were proud pagans and had bitter memories of Carolingian attempts to convert them to Christianity. 
B)  The Vikings had entered into an alliance with the Byzantine Empire, which was embroiled in a period of struggle with western Christianity. 
C)  Churches and monasteries offered a lucrative supply of plunder. 
D)  The Vikings' leader in Denmark ordered them to target churches for destruction. 
A)  The Vikings were proud pagans and had bitter memories of Carolingian attempts to convert them to Christianity. 
B)  The Vikings had entered into an alliance with the Byzantine Empire, which was embroiled in a period of struggle with western Christianity. 
C)  Churches and monasteries offered a lucrative supply of plunder. 
D)  The Vikings' leader in Denmark ordered them to target churches for destruction.

Question 6

Why did Charlemagne's empire not remain intact beyond the death of his son?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 7

Muslim invaders primarily attacked regions in

Accepted Answer

A)  northwestern Europe. 
B)  southern Europe. 
C)  the Balkans. 
D)  the Baltic. 
A)  northwestern Europe. 
B)  southern Europe. 
C)  the Balkans. 
D)  the Baltic.

Question 8

Why was the Peace of God formed? Explain the conditions that led to its formation, as well as its primary purpose. How does the Truce of God relate to the Peace of God?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 9

What caused the rise of youths, unmarried knightly vassals who lived with their lords for indefinite periods of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  The increasing power of local lords made it desirable to maintain a number of household knights for defensive purposes. 
B)  The violence among territorial rulers created a class of unmarried knights committed to war and prepared to enter battle with little advance preparation. 
C)  The introduction of primogeniture (bequeathing an entire estate to the eldest son) left younger sons without property, unable to marry, and dependent upon their lords. 
D)  The newly powerful local rulers preferred to marry their daughters to distant nobles, and knightly vassals preferred to remain single rather than marry a social inferior. 
A)  The increasing power of local lords made it desirable to maintain a number of household knights for defensive purposes. 
B)  The violence among territorial rulers created a class of unmarried knights committed to war and prepared to enter battle with little advance preparation. 
C)  The introduction of primogeniture (bequeathing an entire estate to the eldest son) left younger sons without property, unable to marry, and dependent upon their lords. 
D)  The newly powerful local rulers preferred to marry their daughters to distant nobles, and knightly vassals preferred to remain single rather than marry a social inferior.

Question 10

Byzantine commerce was largely controlled by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The dynatoi 
B)  Arab merchants 
C)  The Byzantine government 
D)  Italian merchants 
A)  The dynatoi 
B)  Arab merchants 
C)  The Byzantine government 
D)  Italian merchants

Question 11

What factors led to the decline of the Abbasid dynasty in the 800s?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 12

The Carolingian renaissance was intended not only to enhance the glory of the Frankish kings but also to

Accepted Answer

A)  resurrect the learning of the past. 
B)  serve as a counterpart to the scholarship of notable Islamic scholars such as Ibn Sina. 
C)  extend literacy to a few religious elites. 
D)  reduce tensions between Charlemagne's three sons. 
A)  resurrect the learning of the past. 
B)  serve as a counterpart to the scholarship of notable Islamic scholars such as Ibn Sina. 
C)  extend literacy to a few religious elites. 
D)  reduce tensions between Charlemagne's three sons.

Question 13

The act of homage and the promise of fealty were

Accepted Answer

A)  extracted from prisoners of war in order to transfer their loyalties to their conquerors. 
B)  part of the ritual whereby citizens-both men and women-became vassals of a lord. 
C)  expected of all new brides in the post-Carolingian age. 
D)  gestures of mutual respect and allegiance. 
A)  extracted from prisoners of war in order to transfer their loyalties to their conquerors. 
B)  part of the ritual whereby citizens-both men and women-became vassals of a lord. 
C)  expected of all new brides in the post-Carolingian age. 
D)  gestures of mutual respect and allegiance.

Question 14

To what does the age of the castellans, which began around 1000 in France, refer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Upper-class laywomen who helped cultivate the culture of "those who fought," as wives and mothers of vassals and lords 
B)  Groups of traveling astrologers who predicted that the end of the world would come after the turn of the millennium 
C)  The development of castella, a new type of armor that was lighter and harder than earlier armor 
D)  Widespread, virtually independent rule by castellans (the term castellan referred to any man who held a castle) 
A)  Upper-class laywomen who helped cultivate the culture of "those who fought," as wives and mothers of vassals and lords 
B)  Groups of traveling astrologers who predicted that the end of the world would come after the turn of the millennium 
C)  The development of castella, a new type of armor that was lighter and harder than earlier armor 
D)  Widespread, virtually independent rule by castellans (the term castellan referred to any man who held a castle)

Question 15

Contemporaries of the German king Otto I thought him a great hero in 955 when he defeated the

Accepted Answer

A)  Turks. 
B)  Magyars. 
C)  Arabs. 
D)  Vikings. 
A)  Turks. 
B)  Magyars. 
C)  Arabs. 
D)  Vikings.

Question 16

A central element of Carolingian peasant life was the demesne, which was the

Accepted Answer

A)  title of the lord to whom peasants owed service. 
B)  manse belonging to the lord, on which peasants were obligated to work. 
C)  name of the local church or monastery. 
D)  tax paid directly to the king. 
A)  title of the lord to whom peasants owed service. 
B)  manse belonging to the lord, on which peasants were obligated to work. 
C)  name of the local church or monastery. 
D)  tax paid directly to the king.

Question 17

How did Charlemagne attempt to combat corruption throughout his vast empire?

Accepted Answer

A)  He adopted the Byzantine practice of employing eunuchs as senior administrators and military advisers. 
B)  He continually toured his dominions, holding public audiences to hear concerns and grievances in the major cities. 
C)  He sent copies of Carolingian laws to be posted in prominent locations and read aloud once a month in all the major cities of his realm. 
D)  He sent special officials to pay visits to his royal governors and to listen to the complaints and concerns of the local people. 
A)  He adopted the Byzantine practice of employing eunuchs as senior administrators and military advisers. 
B)  He continually toured his dominions, holding public audiences to hear concerns and grievances in the major cities. 
C)  He sent copies of Carolingian laws to be posted in prominent locations and read aloud once a month in all the major cities of his realm. 
D)  He sent special officials to pay visits to his royal governors and to listen to the complaints and concerns of the local people.

Question 18

The three-field system, an important innovation of the early Middle Ages, enabled

Accepted Answer

A)  Louis the Pious to divide his kingdom among his three sons. 
B)  the lords of the manor to house their vassals on different sections of their estates. 
C)  the fallow sections of fields to regain their fertility while allowing for greater agricultural production. 
D)  one-third of every estate to be turned over to the church for use as a monastery or chapel. 
A)  Louis the Pious to divide his kingdom among his three sons. 
B)  the lords of the manor to house their vassals on different sections of their estates. 
C)  the fallow sections of fields to regain their fertility while allowing for greater agricultural production. 
D)  one-third of every estate to be turned over to the church for use as a monastery or chapel.

Question 19

How was the Spanish emirate of Córdoba in modern-day Spain created in 756?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abd al-Rahman, an Umayyad, gathered an army during the Abbasid revolution and seized southern Spain after one battle. 
B)  Abd al-Rahman took the Abbasid revolution to Morocco and then launched a five-year campaign against southern Spain. 
C)  Muslim advisers to the Spanish king overthrew him and took control of southern Spain. 
D)  The new Abbasid caliph sent Abd al-Rahman to establish an emirate in Spain, where he encountered little resistance in the sparsely populated region. 
A)  Abd al-Rahman, an Umayyad, gathered an army during the Abbasid revolution and seized southern Spain after one battle. 
B)  Abd al-Rahman took the Abbasid revolution to Morocco and then launched a five-year campaign against southern Spain. 
C)  Muslim advisers to the Spanish king overthrew him and took control of southern Spain. 
D)  The new Abbasid caliph sent Abd al-Rahman to establish an emirate in Spain, where he encountered little resistance in the sparsely populated region.

Question 20

Describe the arrangements that facilitated Byzantine trade with the Muslim East.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Exam 9: From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750-1050

Why were fiefs significant in post-Carolingian society?

What was primogeniture? What were its causes? What were its effects on western European noble families?

What new mobile armies allowed the Byzantine Empire to expand outward after 1850?

Which of the following regions was conquered by Charlemagne? ​ ​

Why did the Vikings often single out monasteries and churches for destruction?

Why did Charlemagne's empire not remain intact beyond the death of his son?

Muslim invaders primarily attacked regions in

Why was the Peace of God formed? Explain the conditions that led to its formation, as well as its primary purpose. How does the Truce of God relate to the Peace of God?

What caused the rise of youths, unmarried knightly vassals who lived with their lords for indefinite periods of time?

Byzantine commerce was largely controlled by which of the following?

What factors led to the decline of the Abbasid dynasty in the 800s?

The Carolingian renaissance was intended not only to enhance the glory of the Frankish kings but also to

The act of homage and the promise of fealty were

To what does the age of the castellans, which began around 1000 in France, refer?

Contemporaries of the German king Otto I thought him a great hero in 955 when he defeated the

A central element of Carolingian peasant life was the demesne, which was the

How did Charlemagne attempt to combat corruption throughout his vast empire?

The three-field system, an important innovation of the early Middle Ages, enabled

How was the Spanish emirate of Córdoba in modern-day Spain created in 756?

Describe the arrangements that facilitated Byzantine trade with the Muslim East.

Early Western Civilization, 400,000-1000 B.C.E

Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000-500 B.C.E

The Greek Golden Age, C 500-C 400 B.C.E

From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400-30 B.C.E

The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753-44 B.C.E

The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E-284 C.E

The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284-600 C.E

The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600-750

Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050-1150

The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150-1215

The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

Crisis and Renaissance, 1340-1492

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640-1700

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700-1750

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750-1789

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789-1799

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800-1830

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830-1850

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850-1870

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870-1890

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890-1914

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945-1960s

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s-1989

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

Filters

Which of the following regions was conquered by Charlemagne?