Exam 14: Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560

What council is most closely associated with the movement for Catholic renewal in the sixteenth century?

Johannes Gutenberg was the first European to successfully develop which of the following?

Why did Henry VIII take the first steps that would ultimately result in severing the English church's ties with Rome in 1527?

Which of the following was declared by the first Mexican Ecclesiastical Provincial Council in 1555?

In this map of the Protestant Reformation, c. 1560, which body of water can be said to be a conduit for Protestant expansion? ​ ​ ​

What caused secular governments in both Catholic and Protestant regions of Europe to begin to assume the responsibility for public charity?

How did radical Protestant movements lead to significant challenges to the existing social order? What were the consequences of these challenges? In your response, please discuss two major challenges that arose.

In 1517, Martin Luther wrote ninety-five theses or questions for debate that attacked

According to this map, who can be credited with circumnavigating the globe during the sixteenth century? ​ ​ ​

When Michael Servetus, who had published books criticizing Calvin and challenging the concept of the Trinity, passed through Geneva in 1553, Calvin

In Freedom of a Christian (1520), Martin Luther argued that

What was the Peace of Augsburg, and to what extent did it succeed in quelling religious conflict in Europe?

What helped European missionaries like Francis Xavier win large numbers of converts in Asia?

Describe the new era of slavery up to the early sixteenth century.

How did Protestantism become established in England?

At the center of his theology, Calvin placed the doctrine of predestination, which argued that

Which of the following statements is supported by this map? ​ ​

Which of the following contributed to the success of Hernán Cortés (1485-1547), who was sent by the Spanish crown to the Americas in search of gold?

Why did Luther advocate for what he called the "priesthood of all believers"?

What were some of the causes of the European voyages of exploration of the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? What impact did these voyages have on both the peoples that were conquered and the societies back home?