Exam 6: Gender and Development: Theoretical Insights and International Commitments

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Scholars and activists from the Global South have not been able to challenge the Western bias in most gender and development policies and programs.

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A global economic crisis in the twenty-first century has undermined many traditionally male-dominated sources of employment such as construction, manufacturing, and investment.

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How have the Sustainable Development Goals sought to promote gender equality?

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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promote gender equality. Among the 17 goals proposed in the SDGs, a commitment to "Achieve Gender Equality and Empower all Women and Girls" remains a core priority (Goal #5). The SDGs build on a long series of international commitments (some of which have been emphasized in this chapter). Building on the MDGs (in particular MDG #3 and its commitment to eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education), the SDGs aim to make advancements in ending poverty and promoting equality and sustainability in a 15-year period. However, numerous challenges remain. For example, many countries continue to limit access to education for girls. Pakistan is such an example, yet the importance of promoting girls' education has gained prominence through the efforts of Malala Yousafzai and through the Malala Fund to empower girls through equal access to quality secondary education.

What is gender mainstreaming and how does it differ from other approaches to gender and development?

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What are the objectives of the international campaigns to stop rape and gender violence in conflict?

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How has gender equality been integrated into the Sustainable Development Goals?

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Which of the following is a common problem for strategies to promote gender equality in international development?

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What has been the UN's role in the fight for women's rights?

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An important issue addressed by post-colonial feminist scholarship is the need for "othering" in development programs.

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Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN) network launched critiques of neoliberal approaches to women's issues and development goals.

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Transnational feminism challenges the idea of intersectional and transversal theorizing of women's differences.

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How are women and girls still essentialized?

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Which of the following was a core concern of the women and development approach?

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Why was the women in development approach a significant improvement over previous approaches?

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The CEDAW has stopped serving as an important international bill of rights for women.

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How has the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) been influential in terms of gender and development?

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How did radical feminist critiques influence some women in development theorists?

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What does CEDAW stand for?

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Why has the gender and development approach been critiqued as too "Western"?

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Why has the concept of "empowerment" become so controversial in the field of gender and development?

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