Exam 18: New Patterns in New Worlds: Colonialism and Indigenous Responses in the Americas, 1500-1800

By the mid-16th century, the conquistadors shifted from looting Native American empires and towns to exploiting native labor in _______ and in agriculture.

From the middle of the seventeenth century, the pueblos de indios were fully functional, self-administering units, with councils (________), churches, schools, communal lands, and family parcels.

By the early seventeenth century, a powerful elite of Spanish who ___________, called Creoles, was in place to assist the Spanish administrators.

The main impulse for the revivalist movement known as the "Great Awakening" of the 1730s and 1740s was:

Anne Hutchinson was famous for:

Of the approximately 144,000 estimated Native Americans in New England in 1600, fewer than 15,000 remained by ______.

The revivalist _________ of the 1730s and 1740s used a literal understanding of Protestantism as one of its main foundations and received its main impulse from the work of the brothers John and Charles Wesley, English Methodist preachers who made quite an impact during their tour of Georgia in 1735.

Dubbed Doña Marina, Malinche was:

_________ was the best-known advocate against the cruelty of the land-labor grant system.

After the demise of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty, and in an effort to regain control over Spain's American possessions, the new French-descended Bourbons put into practice a series of reforms aimed at _________.

A crucial factor which aided in the fall of the Incan Empire to the Spaniards was the protracted war of succession between _________ and his half-brother Huáscar.

The Seven Years' War in the New World was ultimately won by the superiority and tactical maneuvering of _________ over the French forces.

The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and the rest of the world is known as the _________.

Portuguese colonial cities and Jesuits repeatedly clashed over the ____________ of the "pioneers" (bandeirantes) into the Brazilian interior.

When the city of ___________ was captured in November 1519, the emperor Moctezuma II was forced to swear allegiance to Emperor Charles V.

A Native American reported an appearance of Our Lady of _________ in 1531, in a place where the native goddess Tonantzin used to be venerated.

The earliest settlement in the northeastern coast of North America was:

The mythical and elusive kingdom of _________, or 'golden city,' became the stuff of legend which would fuel the quest for material riches in the New World in the minds of many a conquistador, though it was never found.

__________ was the first institution of higher learning in North America, devoted to teaching the "correct" balanced Calvinist Protestantism.

An estimated __________ Spaniards emigrated from Europe to the Americas between 1500 and 1800.