Exam 18: New Patterns in New Worlds: Colonialism and Indigenous Responses in the Americas, 1500-1800

From Quebec, the French embarked on an exploratory and fur-trading mission south into the Great Lakes region, the Mississippi valley and the Mississippi delta, claiming these lands as part of their Canada-Mississippi- _________ territory.

At about the same time, _________, a relative of Cortés, conceived of a plan to conquer the Andean empire of the Incas after hearing rumors about an empire of gold and silver to the south.

Among the many Native American allies who aided Cortés in the conquest of the Aztec Empire were the _________, sworn enemies of the Aztecs.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Spanish conquest and colonization of the Americas?

The Columbian Exchange characterizes the transfer of plants, animals, and ________ between the Americas and the rest of the world

The Spanish quest for the mythical ____________ or "golden city" was fruitless.

For 200 years after its founding in 1545, Potosí in modern ___________ produced over half of the silver of Spanish America.

In the second half of the 1600s, the ___________ drove many smaller groups westward into the Great Lakes region and Mississippi plains.

As colonial Brazil grew, the Portuguese created a council in Lisbon to deal with all New World appointments and established a high court for all judicial affairs in the city of _________ in northern Brazil.

The most successful _________ settlement in North America was in the subtropical district at the mouth of the Mississippi River in what is now Louisiana, where some 300 settlers and 4000 African slaves founded sugar plantations.

The "conquistadors" Francisco Pizarro, Hernán Cortés, and Alonso Ortíz all originated in the Spanish region of __________.

Ethnic combinations of Europeans and Native Americans and Europeans and Africans were collectively called castas, or "castes," a term originating out of a desire on the part of Iberian and Creole settlers to draw distinctions among degrees of racial mixture in hopes of counterbalancing the vast masses of Native Americans and Africans. The two most important castes were mestizos (Spanish) /mestiços (Portuguese), born of Iberian fathers and Native American mothers, and _________, born of Iberian fathers and Black mothers.

The term "casta" originated in the desire of the Iberian and Creole settlers to draw distinctions among degrees of ___________.

The establishment of the _________ in Virginia in 1619 was an indication that the British would not follow the same policy in the New World as their Spanish counterparts.

As part of the complex hierarchical administrative system established by the Spaniards in the New World, the municipal councils, or _________, were set up in towns and cities to serve as elective bodies under the supervision of appointed inspectors.

Cortés captured the last emperor of the Aztecs, ________, in 1521 and executed him in 1525.

To support the mining centers and administrative cities, the Spanish colonial government ___________ the development of agricultural estates (haciendas).

Having laid waste to Cuzco, Pizarro founded a new Andean capital at __________ in 1535.

The British colony of Georgia was founded in 1733 as:

Colonial cities and Jesuits in Portuguese Brazil repeatedly clashed over the slave raids of the _________, or "pioneers/slave traders," in village territories.